Risk assessment of emerging infectious diseases in China under the One Health framework.

Background: Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose significant public health challenges due to increasing interactions between humans, animals, and the environment. The One Health framework, an interdisciplinary and collaborative approach, plays a critical role in the risk assessment of EIDs. The study aims to systematically review the risk assessment of EIDs in China under the One Health framework, covering policy support, monitoring and assessment systems, and implementation methods.

Kidney failure-related excess mortality during the first three years of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: a nation-wide, population-based analysis.

Background: The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a detrimental impact on the healthcare system. Patients with kidney failure and related kidney disease are notably vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it remains unclear how mortality trends associated with kidney failure have evolved over the past three years.

Dietary N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake and Brain Health in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults.

Background: Dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) plays a significant role in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Since the neuroprotective effects of n-3 PUFA have been widely validated, the role of n-6 PUFA remains debated, with their underlying mechanisms still not fully understood.

Methods: In this study, 169,295 participants from the UK Biobank were included to analyze the associations between dietary n-6 PUFA intake and neurodegenerative diseases using Cox regression models with full adjustments for potential confounders.

Water quality and neurodegenerative disease risk in the middle-aged and elderly population.

Ensuring sustainable management of water is an indispensable part of sustainable development, however, the limelight on long-term health risk of water hardness is essential but remains inadequate. This study estimated effects of water hardness on the brain system to refine its systemic risk assessment. We assembled a cohort of 397,265 participants from the UK Biobank to investigate the associations of water hardness with neurodegenerative diseases and brain imaging phenotypes through modeling.

Prenatal exposure to a mixture of organophosphate ester and organophosphorus pesticides in relation to child neurodevelopment in the Shanghai Birth Cohort.

Neurotoxicity of organophosphate esters (OPEs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) has been documented in toxicological studies, though epidemiological evidence remains inconsistent. The developing fetal brain is susceptible to environmental exposures. Thus, we aim to investigate how prenatal exposure to OPEs and OPPs as mixture affects offspring neurodevelopment in preschool-aged children.

Longitudinal associations between air pollution and incident dementia as mediated by MRI-measured brain volumes in the UK Biobank.

Background: Although there is increasing evidence that environmental exposures are associated with the risk of neurodegenerative conditions, there is still limited mechanistic evidence evaluating potential mediators in human populations.

Methods: UK Biobank is a large long-term study of 500,000 adults enrolled from 2006 to 2010 age 40-69 years. ICD-10 classified reports of dementia cases up to 2022 (Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, dementia in other classified diseases, and unspecified dementia) were identified from health record linkage.

Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels and Mental Health in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are promising nutrients for the prevention and management of psychiatric disorders. Both animal experiments and cohort studies have demonstrated the antidepressant effects of PUFAs, especially omega-3 PUFAs. However, inconsistent reports about specific types of PUFAs, such as the omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs, still exist.

Long-term exposure to low-concentration sulfur dioxide and mental disorders in middle-aged and older urban adults.

The World Health Organization loosened the air quality guideline for daily sulfur dioxide (SO) concentrations from 20 μg/m to 40 μg/m. However, the guideline for SO concentrations in 2021 raised public concerns since there was no sufficient evidence that low-concentration SO exposure is harmless to the population's health, including mental health. We analyzed the associations between low-concentration SO exposure and incidence risks of total and cause-specific mental disorders, including depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum disorder.

Serum metabolomic profiling of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Rotterdam Study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate serum metabolomic biomarkers associated with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and evaluate their performance in improving T2DM risk prediction.

Methods: Untargeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics analyses were conducted in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA; n=3460; discovery cohort) and Rotterdam Study (RS; n=1556; replication cohort). Multivariable cause-specific hazards models were used to analyze the associations between 23,571 serum metabolomic spectral variables and incident T2DM.

Global burden associated with rare infectious diseases of poverty in 2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Rare infectious diseases of poverty (rIDPs) involve more than hundreds of tropical diseases, which dominantly affect people living in impoverished and marginalized regions and fail to be prioritized in the global health agenda. The neglect of rIDPs could impede the progress toward sustainable development. This study aimed to estimate the disease burden of rIDPs in 2021, which would be pivotal for setting intervention priorities and mobilizing resources globally.

Global burden of enteric infections related foodborne diseases, 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Understanding the global burden of enteric infections is crucial for prioritizing control strategies for foodborne and waterborne diseases. This study aimed to assess the global burden of enteric infections in 2021 and identify risk factors from One Health aspects.

Methods: Leveraging the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, the incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and deaths of enteric infections and the subtypes were estimated, including diarrheal diseases, typhoid and paratyphoid fever, invasive non-typhoidal (iNTS) infections, and other intestinal infectious diseases.

Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation and Brain Structure in the Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults.

Low-grade inflammation (LGI) mainly acted as the mediator of the association of obesity and inflammatory diet with numerous chronic diseases, including neuropsychiatric diseases. However, the evidence about the effect of LGI on brain structure is limited but important, especially in the context of accelerating aging. This study was then designed to close the gap, and we leveraged a total of 37,699 participants from the UK Biobank and utilized inflammation score (INFLA-score) to measure LGI.

Associations of long-term exposure to low-level PM and brain disorders in 260,922 middle-aged and older adults.

Long-term exposure to high-level ambient PM was associated with increased risks of brain disorders, while the associations remain uncertain when the exposure is lower than current air quality standards in numerous countries. This study aimed to assess the effects of PM exposure on the brain system in the population with annual mean concentrations ≤15 μg/m. We analyzed data from 260,922 participants without preexisting brain diseases at baseline in the UK Biobank.

Associations between residential environments and late-onset schizophrenia in UK Biobank: Interaction with genetic risk factor.

Background: Environment and genes both contribute to schizophrenia. However, the impact of different natural environments surrounding residential addresses on schizophrenia in urban settings remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association of urbanisation, measured by residential environments, with late-onset schizophrenia and explore whether genetic risk for schizophrenia modified the associations.

Metabolic signatures of prenatal exposure to 'Cocktails' of benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles and its health implications.

Prenatal exposure to benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (collectively as BTs) was associated with pregnancy complications. Identifying the metabolites associated with prenatal BTs exposure may help elucidate the mechanism and characterize the exposure risk. In this prospective study of 158 pregnant women from Wuhan, China, urinary BTs were repeatedly measured across three trimesters to provide an accurate estimation of exposure during pregnancy.

Transmission risks of Omicron BA.5 following inactivated COVID-19 vaccines among children and adolescents in China.

Background: As SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants circulating globally since 2022, assessing the transmission characteristics, and the protection of vaccines against emerging Omicron variants among children and adolescents are needed for guiding the control and vaccination policies.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study for SARS-CoV-2 infections and close contacts aged <18 years from an outbreak seeded by Omicron BA.5 variants.

Fractal analysis of left ventricular trabeculae in post-STEMI: from acute to chronic phase.

Purpose: The temporal evolution of ventricular trabecular complexity and its correlation with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) remain indeterminate in patients presenting with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods: This retrospective analysis enrolled patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) for acute STEMI, possessing cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) data in the acute (within 7 days), subacute (1 month after pPCI), and chronic phases (6 months after pPCI) from January 2015 to January 2020 at the three participating sites. Fractal dimensions (FD) were measured for the global, infarct, and remote regions of left ventricular trabeculae during each phase.

Short-term association of fine particulate matter and its constituents with oxidative stress, symptoms and quality of life in patients with allergic rhinitis: A panel study.

Background: Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) and its specific constituents might exacerbate allergic rhinitis (AR) conditions. However, the evidence is still inconclusive.

Method: We conducted a panel study of 49 patients diagnosed with AR > 1 year prior to the study in Taiyuan, China, to investigate associations of individual exposure to PM and its constituents with oxidative parameters, symptoms, and quality of life among AR patients.

Relationship between temperature variability and daily hospitalisations in Hong Kong over two decades.

Background: Studies have highlighted the impacts of temperature variability (TV) on mortality from respiratory diseases and cardiovascular diseases, with inconsistent results specifically in subtropical urban areas than temperate ones. We aimed to fully determine TV-associated health risks over a spectrum of diseases and various subgroups in a subtropical setting.

Methods: Using inpatient data from all public hospitals in Hong Kong from 1999 to 2019, we examined the TV-hospitalisation associations by causes, ages, and seasons by fitting a quasi-Poisson regression.

PM induced liver lipid metabolic disorders in C57BL/6J mice.

PM can cause adverse health effects via several pathways, such as inducing pulmonary and systemic inflammation, penetration into circulation, and activation of the autonomic nervous system. In particular, the impact of PM exposure on the liver, which plays an important role in metabolism and detoxification to maintain internal environment homeostasis, is getting more attention in recent years. In the present study, C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned and treated with PM suspension and PBS solution for 8 weeks.