[Optimization of processing technology of braised Rehmanniae Radix based on multiple indexes and response surface technology and correlation between components and color].

This study aims to explore the key factors influencing the processing of braised Rehmanniae Radix, optimize the processing, and determine the correlation between the components in different processed products and chroma values, which is expected to add quantitative indexes for the processing of braised Rehmanniae Radix and better control the processing. The weights of the indexes catalpol, rehmannioside D, verbascoside, isoacteoside, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, reducing sugar, and appearance were calculated based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP) in combination with coefficient of variation, and the overall desirability(OD) was obtained. Box-Behnken design was used to explore the optimal amount of water added, time for soaking with rice wine, and steaming time in the processing of braised Rehmanniae Radix.

Facile synthesis of reduced graphene oxide by modified Hummer's method as anode material for Li-, Na- and K-ion secondary batteries.

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets were synthesized by a modified Hummer's method without additional reducing procedures, such as chemical and thermal treatment, by appropriate drying of graphite oxide under ambient atmosphere. The use of a moderate drying temperature (250°C) led to mesoporous characteristics with enhanced electrochemical activity, as confirmed by electron microscopy and N adsorption studies. The dimensions of the sheets ranged from nanometres to micrometres and these sheets were entangled with each other.

Facile synthesis of pyrite (FeS/C) nanoparticles as an electrode material for non-aqueous hybrid electrochemical capacitors.

Pyrite (FeS2) is a promising electrode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high natural availability, low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, high theoretical capacity (894 mA h g-1) and high theoretical specific energy density (1270 W h kg-1, 4e-/FeS2). Nevertheless, the use of FeS2 in electrochemical capacitors was restricted due to fast capacity fading as a result of polysulfide (S/Sn2-) formation during the initial electrochemical cycling. In order to avoid the formation of polysulfides, we employed the strategy of utilizing an ether based electrolyte (1.

Facile green synthesis of a CoVO nanoparticle electrode for high energy lithium-ion battery applications.

In the present study, a metal-organic framework (MOF) derived from a facile water-assisted green precipitation technique is employed to synthesize phase-pure cobalt vanadate (CoVO, CVO) anode for lithium-ion battery (LIB) application. The material obtained by this eco-friendly method is systematically characterized using various techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and N adsorption-desorption measurements. By using as an anode, an initial discharge capacity of 1640mAhg and a reversible capacity of 1194mAhg are obtained at the applied current densities after the 240th cycle (2Ag for 200 cycles followed by 0.

An Enhanced High-Rate NaV(PO)-NiP Nanocomposite Cathode with Stable Lifetime for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Herein, we report on a high-discharge-rate NaV(PO)-NiP/C (NVP-NP/C) composite cathode prepared using a polyol-based pyro synthesis for Na-ion battery applications. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy studies established the presence of NaV(PO) and NiP, respectively, in the NVP-NP/C composite. As a cathode material, the obtained NVP-NP/C composite electrode exhibits higher discharge capacities (100.

An in-situ gas chromatography investigation into the suppression of oxygen gas evolution by coated amorphous cobalt-phosphate nanoparticles on oxide electrode.

The real time detection of quantitative oxygen release from the cathode is performed by in-situ Gas Chromatography as a tool to not only determine the amount of oxygen release from a lithium-ion cell but also to address the safety concerns. This in-situ gas chromatography technique monitoring the gas evolution during electrochemical reaction presents opportunities to clearly understand the effect of surface modification and predict on the cathode stability. The oxide cathode, 0.

Co3V2O8 Sponge Network Morphology Derived from Metal-Organic Framework as an Excellent Lithium Storage Anode Material.

Metal-organic framework (MOF)-based synthesis of battery electrodes has presntly become a topic of significant research interest. Considering the complications to prepare Co3V2O8 due to the criticality of its stoichiometric composition, we report on a simple MOF-based solvothermal synthesis of Co3V2O8 for use as potential anodes for lithium battery applications. Characterizations by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high resolution electron microscopy, and porous studies revealed that the phase pure Co3V2O8 nanoparticles are interconnected to form a sponge-like morphology with porous properties.

One-Step Pyro-Synthesis of a Nanostructured Mn O /C Electrode with Long Cycle Stability for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries.

A nanostructured Mn O /C electrode was prepared by a one-step polyol-assisted pyro-synthesis without any post-heat treatments. The as-prepared Mn O /C revealed nanostructured morphology comprised of secondary aggregates formed from carbon-coated primary particles of average diameters ranging between 20 and 40 nm, as evidenced from the electron microscopy studies. The N adsorption studies reveal a hierarchical porous feature in the nanostructured electrode.

Rapid Polyol-Assisted Microwave Synthesis of Nanocrystalline LiFePO4/C Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Nanocrystalline LiFePO4/C has been synthesized under a very short period of time (90 sec) using a polyol-assisted microwave heating synthesis technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data indicates that the rapidly synthesized materials correspond to phase pure olivine. Post-annealing of the as-prepared sample at 600 °C in argon atmosphere yields highly crystalline LiFePO4/C.

Enhanced Electrochemical Properties of LiMnPO4/C by Glucose-Assisted Polyol Synthesis.

Carbon-coated nano-sized LiMnPO4/C particles are synthesized by polyol method using low-cost glucose as the carbon source. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the synthesized samples are well indexed to the orthorhombic olivine-LiMnPO4 structure. The morphology studies using FE-SEM and HR-TEM images clearly illustrate thin layered carbon coatings on LiMnPO4 particles of sizes ranging between 50~100 nm.

Hierarchical porous anatase TiO2 derived from a titanium metal-organic framework as a superior anode material for lithium ion batteries.

Hierarchical meso-/macroporous anatase TiO2 was synthesized by the hydrolysis of a titanium metal-organic framework precursor followed by calcination in air. This unique porous feature enables the superior rate capability and excellent cycling stability of anatase TiO2 as an anode for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.

Pyro-synthesis of a high rate nano-Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode with mixed morphology for advanced Li-ion batteries.

A monoclinic Li3V2(PO4)3/C (LVP/C) cathode for lithium battery applications was synthesized by a polyol-assisted pyro-synthesis. The polyol in the present synthesis acts not only as a solvent, reducing agent and a carbon source but also as a low-cost fuel that facilitates a combustion process combined with the release of ultrahigh exothermic energy useful for nucleation process. Subsequent annealing of the amorphous particles at 800°C for 5 h is sufficient to produce highly crystalline LVP/C nanoparticles.

Pyro-synthesis of functional nanocrystals.

Despite nanomaterials with unique properties playing a vital role in scientific and technological advancements of various fields including chemical and electrochemical applications, the scope for exploration of nano-scale applications is still wide open. The intimate correlation between material properties and synthesis in combination with the urgency to enhance the empirical understanding of nanomaterials demand the evolution of new strategies to promising materials. Herein we introduce a rapid pyro-synthesis that produces highly crystalline functional nanomaterials under reaction times of a few seconds in open-air conditions.

The effects of Mo doping on 0.3Li[Li0.33Mn0.67]O2·0.7Li[Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3]O2 cathode material.

Mo doped Li excess transition metal oxides formulated as 0.3Li[Li(0.33)Mn(0.

Synthesis and characterization of integrated layered nanocomposites for lithium ion batteries.

The series of Li[NixMxLi1/3-xMn2/3-x]O2 cathodes, where M is cobalt or chromium with a wide compositional range x from 0 to 0.33, were prepared by hydroxide coprecipitation method with subsequent quenching. The sample structures were investigated using X-ray diffraction results which were indexed completely on the basis of a trigonal structure of space group R3m̄ with monoclinic C2/m phase as expected.