Research into overcoming drug resistance in lung cancer treatment using CRISPR-Cas9 technology: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with drug resistance posing a significant challenge to effective treatment. The advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) technology offers a novel and precise gene-editing technology for targeting and negating drug resistance mechanisms in lung cancer. This review summarizes the research progress in the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology for investigating and managing drug resistance in lung cancer treatment.

The Relationship between IGF Pathway and Acquired Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy.

The tyrosine kinase signaling pathway is an important pathway for cell signal transduction, and is involved in regulating cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and other essential biological functions. Gene mutations involved in the tyrosine kinase signaling pathway often lead to the development of cancers. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) are well known receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which belong to the ERBB family and have high mutation frequency in cancers.

Identification of serum MiRNAs as candidate biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer diagnosis.

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common solid tumors worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-associated death. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is accounts for approximately 85% of all the lung cancers and lung squamous carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) are the main subtypes of NSCLC. Early diagnose using serum biomarkers could improve the overall survival of patients.

VPS9D1-AS1 overexpression amplifies intratumoral TGF-β signaling and promotes tumor cell escape from CD8 T cell killing in colorectal cancer.

Efficacy of immunotherapy is limited in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) because high expression of tumor-derived transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathway molecules and interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) promotes tumor immune evasion. Here, we identified a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), VPS9D1-AS1, which was located in ribosomes and amplified TGF-β signaling and ISG expression. We show that high expression of VPS9D1-AS1 was negatively associated with T lymphocyte infiltration in two independent cohorts of CRC.

Comprehensive Comparative Molecular Characterization of Young and Old Lung Cancer Patients.

Background: Young lung cancer as a small subgroup of lung cancer has not been fully studied. Most of the previous studies focused on the clinicopathological features, but studies of molecular characteristics are still few and limited. Here, we explore the characteristics of prognosis and variation in young lung cancer patients with NSCLC.

The isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 is a potential prognostic indicator for non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Background: The serum isocitrate dehydrogenase 1(IDH1) level is significantly elevated in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has important clinical value as a marker for early diagnosis. This study examined the dynamic changes of serum IDH1 levels of patients with NSCLC undergoing surgery or medical treatment, to evaluate its potential prognostic value.

Methods: The study cohort included 83 NSCLC patients who underwent surgery, 37 NSCLC patients who underwent medical treatment, 50 healthy controls, and 52 disease controls.

Role of aneuploid circulating tumor cells and CD31 circulating tumor endothelial cells in predicting and monitoring anti-angiogenic therapy efficacy in advanced NSCLC.

Prognosticating the efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy through longitudinal monitoring and early detection of treatment resistance in cancer patients remain highly challenging. In this study, co-detection and comprehensive phenotypic and karyotypic molecular characterization of aneuploid circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor endothelial cells (CTECs) were conducted on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving bevacizumab plus chemotherapy. Prognostic values of the cell-based significant univariate risk factors identified by Cox regression analyses were progressively investigated.

IGFBP7 overexpression promotes acquired resistance to AZD9291 in non-small cell lung cancer.

AZD9291 (osimertinib) is the third-generation EGFR-TKI treat for EGFR mutated NSCLC patients. Despite its encouraging efficacy in clinical, acquired resistance is still inevitable. The mechanism of drug resistance needs to be further explored.

[Research Progress of Single Cell Sequencing in Lung Cancer].

Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest mortality rate in the world. Heterogeneity of lung cancer, usually studied by sequencing technology, is considered to have important clinical significance in current studies. However, general sequencing technology can only explain the differences between samples integrally and its resolution is not enough to describe the differences between the individual cells.

[CD45RO⁺ Memory T Lymphocytes As A Candidate Marker for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer].

Background: Lung cancer is the most common malignancy world-wide. There are a variety of immune infiltrating cells in tumor microenvironment, which is an important component of tumor immunity and has clinical significance for the prognosis of patients. CD45RO is a surface marker of memory T cells.

Associations between gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and a range of diseases: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Objective: Numerous meta-analyses have revealed the association between gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and a range of diseases; however, the certainty of the evidence remains unclear. This study aimed to summarise and assess the certainty of evidence derived from meta-analyses.

Methods: Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Databases of Systematic Reviews, CNKI and Wangfang databases from their inception to 22 February 2020 were queried for systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the association between GORD and various diseases.

Abnormally localized DLK1 interacts with NCOR1 in non-small cell lung cancer cell nuclear.

Delta-like homolog 1 (DLK1) regulates noncanonical Notch signaling pathway as ligand. DLK1 was abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors, affecting tumorigenesis and developments. The biological function of DLK1 toward cell proliferation and signaling activation was controversial across different cell types.

Long noncoding RNA VPS9D1-AS1 overexpression predicts a poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer.

Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been reported to play vital roles in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently, LncRNA/VPS9D1-AS1 has been reported to be overexpressed in various cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate its expression pattern and clinical significance and further evaluate its prognostic value for NSCLC.

Utility of dominant epitopes derived from cell-wall protein LppZ for immunodiagnostic of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: Serological antibodies tests for tuberculosis (TB) are widely used in developing countries. They appear to have some advantages- faster, simple and could be used for extrapulmonary TB. However, most of current commercial TB serological tests are failed to provide sufficient sensitivity and specificity.

Multispectral imaging reveals hyper active TGF-β signaling in colorectal cancer.

Advances in multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques and digital pathology platforms allow quantification of multiple proteins at same tissue section and produce continuous data. TGF-β signaling plays crucial and complex roles in colorectal cancer (CRC). We here aimed to investigate clinical pathological relevant of proteins involved in TGF-β signaling at CRC tissues.

Combined detection of dickkopf-1 subtype classification autoantibodies as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: This study aims to identify the clinical significance of serum autoantibodies against dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and evaluate their feasibility in the immunodiagnosis and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Experimental Design: Epitope mapping by peptide microarray-based serum screening of NSCLC patients (n=72) and healthy controls (n=16) was performed. Indirect ELISA with peptides was used to measure the serum levels of autoantibodies in 206 NSCLC patients and 99 healthy controls.

TLR7 rs2897827 Polymorphism Affects TLR7 Gene mRNA Expression and Serum Apolipoprotein A1 Level of Ischemic Stroke Patients in a Chinese Han Population.

Stroke is a multi-factorial disorder that has become the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Previous studies reported that TLR7 mRNA expression is associated with poor outcome of ischemic stroke (IS). This study aimed to assess whether TLR7 mRNA expression affects IS occurrence, as well as the association of TLR7 rs2897827 with susceptibility to IS and TLR7 mRNA expression and serum apolipoprotein and lipid levels in a Chinese Han population.

Impact of TLR5 rs5744174 on stroke risk, gene expression and on inflammatory cytokines, and lipid levels in stroke patients.

Many studies reported that toll-like receptors (TLRs) played an important role in the process of ischemic stroke (IS). However, the impact of TLR5 rs5744174 on stroke risk, gene expression and on inflammatory cytokines, and lipid levels in ischemic stroke patients has not yet been reported and was therefore the subject of this study. In this case-control study, a total of 816 ischemic stroke patients and 816 healthy controls were genotyped using Sequenom MassArray technology.