Thermosensitive bovine lactoferricin-loaded chitosan hydrogels for sustained antibacterial release: An alternative to antibiotics for treating bovine mastitis.

The overuse of antibiotics in livestock production poses a significant threat to public health, primarily by accelerating the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria-a critical global issue. Therefore, the development of effective alternatives to antibiotics is urgently required to address this problem. In this study, BLfcin-NPs@CS/β-GP thermosensitive hydrogels were developed by incorporating bovine lactoferricin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles into a chitosan/β-GP hydrogel matrix.

Comparison of lipidome profiles in serum from lactating dairy cows supplemented with Acremonium terrestris culture based on UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS.

This study evaluated the effects of supplementing the diet of lactating cows with Acremonium terrestris culture (ATC) on milk production, serum antioxidant capacity, inflammatory indices, and serum lipid metabolomics. Over 90 days, 24 multiparous Chinese Holstein cows in mid-lactation (108 ± 10.4 days in milk, 637 ± 25 kg body weight, 30.

Fuzhengjiedu San inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been garnering ever-increasing worldwide attention as the herbal extracts and formulas prove to have potency against disease. Fuzhengjiedu San (FZJDS), has been extensively used to treat viral diseases in pigs, but its bioactive components and therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: In this study, we conducted an integrative approach of network pharmacology and experimental study to elucidate the mechanisms underlying FZJDS's action in treating porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).

Evaluation of the mechanism of Gong Ying San activity on dairy cows mastitis by network pharmacology and metabolomics analysis.

Objectives: The goal of this investigation was to identify the main compounds and the pharmacological mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicine formulation, Gong Ying San (GYS), by infrared spectral absorption characteristics, metabolomics, network pharmacology, and molecular-docking analysis for mastitis. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities were determined in vitro.

Methods: The chemical constituents of GYS were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography Q-extractive mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS).

Phenolic acid-induced phase separation and translation inhibition mediate plant interspecific competition.

Phenolic acids (PAs) secreted by donor plants suppress the growth of their susceptible plant neighbours. However, how structurally diverse ensembles of PAs are perceived by plants to mediate interspecific competition remains a mystery. Here we show that a plant stress granule (SG) marker, RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 47B (RBP47B), is a sensor of PAs in Arabidopsis.

Mechanism of Metabolic Response to Hepatectomy by Integrated Analysis of Gut Microbiota, Metabolomics, and Proteomics.

Hepatectomy is a common clinical procedure for the treatment of many liver diseases, and the successful recovery of a patient's liver metabolism and function after surgery is crucial for a good prognosis. The objective of this study was to elucidate the metabolic response to hepatectomy using high-throughput sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA gene, metabolomics, and proteomics data. Fecal and serum samples from beagle dogs were collected on day 0 (LH0), day 7 (LH7), and day 28 (LH28) after laparoscopic partial hepatectomy.

Intramammary infusion of matrine-chitosan hydrogels for treating subclinical bovine mastitis -effects on milk microbiome and metabolites.

Background: Bovine metabolism undergoes significant changes during subclinical mastitis, but the relevant molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study we investigated the changes in milk microbiota and metabolites after intramammary infusion of matrine-chitosan hydrogels (MCHs) in cows with subclinical mastitis.

Methods: Infusions were continued for 7 days, and milk samples were collected on days 1 and 7 for microbiome analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolite profiling by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Evaluation of biological mechanisms of artemisinin on bovine mammary epithelial cells by integration of network pharmacology and TMT-based quantitative proteomics.

The sesquiterpene lactone, artemisinin, is a primary component of the medicinal plant L., which has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. However, the potential effects of artemisinin on the mammary gland of dairy cows and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

The Analysis of the Ubiquitylomic Responses to Infection in Bovine Mammary Gland Epithelial Cells.

Purpose: is one of the primary pathogens responsible for subclinical mastitis, a significant economic burden for dairy farms. An essential component of the immune response to infection is ubiquitination, which plays important roles in the complex interactions between the pathogen and host.

Materials And Methods: In the present study, quantitative ubiquitylomics was performed to profile changes in the global ubiquitinome of bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (BMECs) infected with .

ALBA proteins confer thermotolerance through stabilizing HSF messenger RNAs in cytoplasmic granules.

High temperature is one of the major environmental stresses affecting plant growth and fitness. Heat stress transcription factors (HSFs) play critical roles in regulating the expression of heat-responsive genes. However, how HSFs are regulated remains obscure.

A berberine hydrochloride-carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel protects against Staphylococcus aureus infection in a rat mastitis model.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the major pathogen responsible for mastitis in dairy cows, an important threat to their health, but prevention of S. aureus infection of the mammary gland remains challenging.

Laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy combined with right lateral hepatic lobectomy in pigs: surgical approach and comparative study of the inflammatory response versus open surgery.

This study describes a left hemihepatectomy combined with a right lateral hepatic lobectomy. It compares the inflammatory response associated with laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH group, n = 7) with conventional open hepatectomy (OH group, n = 7). Blood was collected before surgery as well as 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days after surgery to determine the white blood cell count and levels of serum cortisol (COR), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Steam Explosion Pretreatment Changes Ruminal Fermentation of Corn Stover by Shifting Archaeal and Bacterial Community Structure.

Steam explosion is an environment-friendly pretreatment method to improve the subsequent hydrolysis process of lignocellulosic biomass. Steam explosion pretreatment improved ruminal fermentation and changed fermentation pattern of corn stover during ruminal fermentation . The study gave a comprehensive insight into how stream explosion pretreatment shifted archaeal and bacterial community structure to change ruminal fermentation of corn stover.

Proteomics study on the protective mechanism of soybean isoflavone against inflammation injury of bovine mammary epithelial cells induced by Streptococcus agalactiae.

This study aimed to verify the anti-inflammatory effect of soybean isoflavones (SI) on the inflammatory response induced by Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) and to elucidate its possible mechanism. BMECs were pretreated with SI of different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 μg/mL) for 0.

Microbiome and metabolic changes in milk in response to artemisinin supplementation in dairy cows.

This study aimed to explore the effects of artemisinin (ART) on the milk microbiome and metabolites of dairy cow. A total of 12 mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows with similar parity, days in milk were randomly divided into 2 groups receiving either a total mixed ration (TMR) as the control group or this TMR and 120 g/d/head ART as the ART group. The milk samples were collected weekly to determine the contents, and end-of-trial (week 8) milk samples were used to identify microbial species and metabolite profiles by 16S rRNA sequencing and LC-MS analyses, respectively.

Proteomic analysis of bovine mammary epithelial cells after in vitro incubation with S. agalactiae: potential biomarkers.

Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the causative agents of subclinical mastitis, a common disease of dairy cows that causes great economic losses in the industry worldwide. It is thought that pathology is mainly due to inflammatory damage of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs); however, the mechanism by which S. agalactiae damages the bMECs is not clear.

Staphylococcus aureus-induced proteomic changes in the mammary tissue of rats: A TMT-based study.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogens causing mastitis in dairy cows. The objective of this study was to establish a rat model of mastitis induced by S. aureus infection and to explore changes in the proteomes of mammary tissue in different udder states, providing a better understanding of the host immune response to S.

Microbiome and Metabolome Analyses of Milk From Dairy Cows With Subclinical Mastitis-Potential Biomarkers.

The microbial ecosystem in the udders of dairy cows directly influences the flavor and quality of milk. However, to our knowledge, no published research has analyzed the complex relationship between the udder microbiome and its associated metabolism in animals with subclinical mastitis. We identified the bacterial species and measured relative population numbers in the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis (GBS) and compared this information to that from the milk of healthy cows.

Illumina MiSeq sequencing reveals the effects of grape seed procyanidin on rumen archaeal communities in vitro.

Objective: The present study explored the effects of grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) on rumen fermentation, methane production and archaeal communities in vitro.

Methods: A completely randomized experiment was conducted with in vitro incubation in a control group (CON, no GSPE addition; n = 9) and the treatment group (GSPE, 1 mg/bottle GSPE, 2 g/kg dry matter; n = 9). The methane and volatile fatty acid concentrations were determined using gas chromatography.

Metabolomics reveals potential biomarkers in the rumen fluid of dairy cows with different levels of milk production.

Objective: In the present study, an liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) metabolomics approach was performed to investigate potential biomarkers of milk production in high- and low-milk-yield dairy cows and to establish correlations among rumen fluid metabolites.

Methods: Sixteen lactating dairy cows with similar parity and days in milk were divided into high-yield (HY) and low-yield (LY) groups based on milk yield. On day 21, rumen fluid metabolites were quantified applying LC/MS.

ALBA protein complex reads genic R-loops to maintain genome stability in .

The R-loop, composed of a DNA-RNA hybrid and the displaced single-stranded DNA, regulates diverse cellular processes. However, how cellular R-loops are recognized remains poorly understood. Here, we report the discovery of the evolutionally conserved ALBA proteins (AtALBA1 and AtALBA2) functioning as the genic R-loop readers in .

Shifts of Hydrogen Metabolism From Methanogenesis to Propionate Production in Response to Replacement of Forage Fiber With Non-forage Fiber Sources in Diets .

The rumen microbial complex adaptive mechanism invalidates various methane (CH) mitigation strategies. Shifting the hydrogen flow toward alternative electron acceptors, such as propionate, was considered to be a meaningful mitigation strategy. A completely randomized design was applied in incubation to investigate the effects of replacing forage fiber with non-forage fiber sources (NFFS) in diets on methanogenesis, hydrogen metabolism, propionate production and the methanogenic and bacterial community.

Illumina sequencing analysis of the ruminal microbiota in high-yield and low-yield lactating dairy cows.

In this study, differences in the ruminal bacterial community between high-yield and low-yield lactating dairy cows under the same dietary conditions were investigated. Sixteen lactating dairy cows with similar parity and days in milk were divided into high-yield (HY) and low-yield (LY) groups based on their milk yield. On day 21, rumen content samples were collected, and their microbiota compositions were determined using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene by the Illumina MiSeq platform.