Exposure to microplastics renders immunity of the thick-shell mussel more vulnerable to diarrhetic shellfish toxin-producing harmful algae.

Despite both microplastics (MPs) and harmful algae blooms (HABs) may pose a severe threat to the immunity of marine bivalves, the toxification mechanism underlying is far from being fully understood. In addition, owing to the prevalence and sudden occurrence characteristics of MPs and HABs, respectively, bivalves with MP-exposure experience may face acute challenge of harmful algae under realistic scenarios. However, little is known about the impacts and underlying mechanisms of MP-exposure experience on the susceptibility of immunity to HABs in bivalve mollusks.

Responses of ABCB and ABCC transporters to the toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima in the mussel Perna viridis.

Bivalve mollusks can accumulate diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins through filter-feeding, but they exhibit some resistance to the toxins. Previous studies have suggested that the ABC transporters may have an important role in the resistance to DSP toxins, but comprehensive studies are lacking. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the distribution of ABC transporters in the mussel Perna viridis, and observed responses of ABCB and ABCC transporters to the DSP toxins-producing dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima.

Responses of JNK signaling pathway to the toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima in the mussel Perna viridis.

Diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins are widely distributed over the world, causing diarrhea, vomiting, and even tumor in human. However, bivalves, the main carrier of the DSP toxins, have some tolerant mechanisms to DSP toxins, though it remains unclear. In this study, we scrutinized the role of Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) in tolerance of DSP toxins and the relationship between JNK, apoptosis and nuclear factor E2-related factor/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) pathways.

Anti-inflammatory Dendranacetylene A, a new polyacetylene glucoside from the flower of Ramat.

A new polyacetylene glucoside, Dendranacetylene A (1), and a known compound 8E-decaene-4,6-diyn-1-O--d-glucopyranosyl-(1"→2")--d-glucopyranoside (2) were isolated from the flowers of (Ramat.) kitam. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated by NMR and HR-ESI-MS analysis, and comparing these results with data reported in literatures.

Four -geranyl flavonoids from the flowers of and their anti-inflammatory activity.

Four new -geranyl flavonoids, paulownione D-G (-) were isolated from the 50% acetone-HO extract of the flowers of The structures of the compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR). All of the compounds (-) exhibited potent protection effects in H9c2 cardiocytes against the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation.