Causal Relationships Between Circulating Inflammatory Proteins and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.

Purpose: Clinical studies have demonstrated the intricate association between the onset and progression of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the activation of the inflammatory cascade reaction. This study delves into investigating the causal links between 91 circulating inflammatory proteins (CIPs) and OSA through the application of Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques.

Methods: Utilizing genetic data on OSA sourced from the Finnish Biobank (FinnGen) Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) of the European population, alongside summary-level GWAS data of CIPs from 14,824 European participants, we conducted a bidirectional MR study.

Improvement of carbon source composition reduces antibiotic resistance genes in the ectopic fermentation system.

Effectively reduce antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in ectopic fermentation system (EFS) is essential for practical production. In this study, three experiments were performed to explore how to remove ARGs in EFS effectively. Results demonstrated that ARGs were easily enriched in rice-husk-sawdust padding; simultaneous addition of laccase and cellulase suppressed the ARGs, mainly by increasing soluble carbohydrate concentration and promoting humic acid concentration; addition of corn stalks into rice-husk-sawdust decreased the abundance of ARGs by improving the carbon source structure and enhancing cellulase activity.