Longitudinal Trajectories of Asthma and Allergic Comorbidities in the Korean Childhood Asthma Study.

Purpose: Studies on the longitudinal clinical features of asthma or allergic comorbidities in children are limited. We aimed to examine the trajectories of asthma and allergic comorbidities and determine whether these trajectories differ according to clinical asthma phenotypes from birth to adolescence.

Methods: We enrolled 958 children with physician-diagnosed asthma from the Korean childhood Asthma Study (KAS) cohort.

Efficacy and Safety of Montelukast+Levocetirizine Combination Therapy Compared to Montelukast Monotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis in Children.

Purpose: The combination therapy of leukotriene receptor antagonists and antihistamines may alleviate allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms better than monotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of Monterizine, a fixed-dose combination of montelukast and levocetirizine, compared to montelukast monotherapy in pediatric patients with AR.

Methods: One hundred seventy-six children aged 6 to 14 years with perennial AR symptoms were recruited.

Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Skin Fibrosis in a Murine Model of Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Inflammation.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease. Although murine studies have demonstrated that type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) mediate type 2 skin inflammation, their role in skin fibrosis in AD remains unclear. This study investigated whether type 2 ILCs are involved in skin fibrosis using an AD-like murine model.

Feasibility of Home-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation of Pediatric Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases.

Background And Objective: Chronic respiratory diseases in children deteriorate their daily life due to dyspnea and reduced lung function. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in pediatric chronic respiratory diseases.

Methods: This prospective, single-arm, cohort study included children with chronic lung disease.

Clinical Manifestations and Genotype of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Diagnosed in Korea: Multicenter Study.

Purpose: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder that leads to secondary ciliary dysfunction. PCD is a rare disease, and data on it are limited in Korea. This study systematically evaluated the clinical symptoms, diagnostic characteristics, and treatment modalities of pediatric PCD in Korea.

Exosome from IFN-γ-Primed Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improved Skin Inflammation and Barrier Function.

The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial, including immune dysregulation and epidermal barrier defects, and a novel therapeutic modality that can simultaneously target multiple pathways is needed. We investigated the therapeutic effects of exosomes (IFN-γ-iExo) secreted from IFN-γ-primed induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSC) in mice with -induced AD. IFN-γ-iExo was epicutaneously administered to mice with AD-like skin lesions.

Fetal growth rather than prematurity determines lung function in children with asthma.

Background And Objective: Preterm birth or fetal growth has been associated with reduced lung function and asthma during childhood in the general population. We aimed to elucidate whether prematurity or fetal growth has a significant influence on lung function or symptoms in children with stable asthma.

Methods: We included children with stable asthma who participated in the Korean childhood Asthma Study cohort.

A 17-Year-Old Girl Diagnosed With STING-Associated Vasculopathy With Onset in Infancy (SAVI) After Lung Transplantation.

A 17-year-old girl received lung transplantation after chronic respiratory failure. She developed a fever (> 38 °C) once or twice weekly starting 2 months after surgery, and multiple papulopustules on the skin waxed and waned for 4 months. She then developed blood-tinged sputum.

Sublingual immunotherapy may be effective in reducing house dust mite allergies in children with atopic dermatitis.

Aim: We evaluated the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy for children aged 5-17 years with atopic dermatitis who were allergic to house dust mites.

Methods: This open-label, controlled, randomised trial from June 2015 to February 2018 comprised 60 subjects from a specialist allergy centre in South Korea. Half received sublingual immunotherapy for 12 months and the other half formed the control group.

Leukotriene receptor antagonists and risk of neuropsychiatric events in children, adolescents and young adults: a self-controlled case series.

Background: Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) are widely used for asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR), but concerns about the risk of neuropsychiatric events (NPEs) have been raised since the first Drug Safety Communication by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2008. This study evaluates the association between LTRA use and NPEs in children, adolescents and young adults with asthma or AR.

Methods: A self-controlled case series study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance Service claims database from two 3-year observation periods (observation period 1 (Obs1): 2005-2007; observation period 2 (Obs2): 2016-2018).

Longitudinal asthma exacerbation phenotypes in the Korean childhood asthma study cohort.

Background: Asthma exacerbation (AE) leads to social and economic costs and long-term adverse outcomes. We aimed to predict exacerbation-prone asthma (EPA) in children.

Methods: The Korean childhood Asthma Study (KAS) is a prospective nationwide pediatric asthma cohort of children aged 5-15 years followed every 6 months.

Clinical Characteristics of Macrolide-Refractory Pneumonia in Korean Children: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

is a major causative pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia in children, and the treatment of choice is macrolides. There is an increasing trend in reports of refractory clinical responses despite macrolide treatment due to the emergence of macrolide-resistant . Early discrimination of macrolide-refractory pneumonia (MrMP) from macrolide-sensitive pneumonia (MSMP) is vital; however, testing for macrolide susceptibility at the time of admission is not feasible.

Innate Type 2 Response to in a Murine Model of Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Inflammation.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease mediated by T helper type 2 (Th2) cells in acute phase. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play a role in the initiation of the Th2 response. Although mold exposure is associated with the development of AD, studies on the underlying mechanisms are lacking.

The association of lung function changes with outcomes in children with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Background: Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a life-threatening respiratory complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although pulmonary function testing is crucial for monitoring BOS, little information exists on the association of these test results with outcomes in children with BOS.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between changes in lung function after BOS diagnosis and long-term outcomes.

Intensive pulmonary rehabilitation in a pediatric lung transplantation patient: A case report.

Background: The pediatric lung transplant is a very important treatment for patients with end-stage lung diseae, and pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is also an important factor in determining the prognosis. However, there is no much literature available on pulmonary rehabilitation in pediatric patients' post lung transplant. Through this case report, we would like to present our intensive PR program for pediatric patients' post-lung transplant.

Comparison of Nucleic Acid Amplification and IgM Tests for the Diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Children During a Recent Korean Outbreak.

Objective: In the absence of standardized methods for Mycoplasma pneumoniae detection, we evaluated the diagnostic value of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and IgM assays for detecting M. pneumoniae infection in children during a recent Korean outbreak.

Methods: The diagnostic performances of PCR and IgM assays for M.

Annual and seasonal patterns in etiologies of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia due to respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae requiring hospitalization in South Korea.

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading worldwide causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. Its disease burden varies by age and etiology and is time dependent. We aimed to investigate the annual and seasonal patterns in etiologies of pediatric CAP requiring hospitalization.

Associated Factors for Asthma Severity in Korean Children: A Korean Childhood Asthma Study.

Purpose: Childhood asthma has a considerable social impact and economic burden, especially in severe asthma. This study aimed to identify the proportion of childhood asthma severity and to evaluate associated factors for greater asthma severity.

Methods: This study was performed on 667 children aged 5-15 years with asthma from the nationwide 19 hospitals in the Korean childhood Asthma Study (KAS).