A novel conjugate of low-molecular-weight heparin and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase: study on its mechanism in preventing brain reperfusion injury after ischemia in gerbils.

Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) were extensively investigated on preventing brain reperfusion injury after ischemia (BRII) in the past few years and both exhibited some advantages as well as limits in practice. To explore whether chemical modification for LMWH and SOD can lead to improved bioactivity,in our present study, we examined the efficacy of LMWH conjugated SOD (LMWH−SOD) in the model of BRII gerbils. Ischemia/reperfusion was performed for 5 min by clamping the bilateral common carotid arteries of gerbils.

Downregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase by Cidea-mediated ubiquitination and degradation in brown adipose tissue.

We previously showed that Cidea(-/-) mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity through the upregulation of energy expenditure. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), consisting of catalytic alpha subunit and regulatory subunits beta and gamma, has a pivotal function in energy homoeostasis. We show here that AMPK protein levels and enzymatic activity were significantly increased in the brown adipose tissue of Cidea(-/-) mice.