Radiomics-Based Support Vector Machine Distinguishes Molecular Events Driving the Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: An increasing number of early-stage lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) are detected as lung nodules. The radiological features related to LUAD progression warrant further investigation. Exploration is required to bridge the gap between radiomics-based features and molecular characteristics of lung nodules.

Dual-tracer PET/CT in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background & Aims: Combined F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and C-acetate (dual-tracer) positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is being increasingly performed for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although its role is not well defined. Therefore, we evaluated its effectiveness in (i) staging, (ii) characterization of indeterminate lesions on conventional imaging, and (iii) detection of HCC in patients with unexplained elevations in serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels.

Methods: We retrospectively assessed 525 consecutive patients from three tertiary centers between 2014 and 2020.

Highly Selective 1,4-Diacylation/Cycloisomerization of 1,3-Enynes: Synthetic Strategy to Polysubstituted Furans.

The development of a synthetic strategy for rapid assembly of biologically relevant multisubstituted furans is an appealing but challenging task. Herein, we disclose NHC and organophotocatalysis cocatalyzed three-component radical 1,4-diacylation/cycloisomerization cascade process of readily available 1,3-enynes, which provides an efficient and straightforward entry to a wide range of polysubstituted furans with good yields and excellent regio- and chemoselectivities. The reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scopes, and good functional group compatibilities.

Kinetic modeling and parametric imaging of F-PSMA-11: An evaluation based on total-body dynamic positron emission tomography scans.

Background: The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted positron-emitting tomography (PET) tracers are increasingly used in clinical practice, with novel tracers constantly being developed. Recently, F-PSMA-11 has been gaining growing interest for several merits; however, direct in vivo visualization of its kinetic features in humans remains lacking.

Purpose: To visualize the kinetic features of F-PSMA-11 in healthy subjects and patients with prostate cancer derived from the total-body dynamic PET scans.

Increased 18 F-FAPI-04 Uptake in Vertebral Hemangioma.

A 54-year-old man with a history of colectomy for colorectal cancer and subsequent liver metastasectomy underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT and 18 F-FAPI-04 PET/CT scans to evaluate possible hepatic metastasis revealed by contrast-enhanced MRI. Both studies showed similarly increased uptake in liver metastases, and 18 F-FDG detected a metastatic lung nodule. Furthermore, the images showed an incidental finding of increased uptake of 18 F-FAPI-04 in the L3 vertebral, which was not 18 F-FDG-avid.

18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography metabolic parameters and sarcopenia in pancreatic cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) and clinicopathological characteristics and sarcopenia in patients with pancreatic cancer and to determine their prognostic roles.

Methods: Clinicopathological factors and 18 F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters of maximum standard uptake value, metabolic tumor volume, and total lesion glycolysis of the primary tumor (SUVmax_P, MTV_P, and TLG_P) and of whole-body lesions (MTV_T and TLG_T) were retrospectively reviewed in 113 pretreatment patients with pancreatic cancer. Sarcopenia was defined based on skeletal muscle index (SMI) calculated at the third lumbar vertebra (L3), and SUVmax of the psoas major muscle (SUVmax_M) was measured at L3 as well.

Ga-Labeled Cystine Knot Peptide Targeting Integrin αβ for Lung Cancer PET Imaging.

Integrin αβ has been considered as a promising biomarker for lung cancer, and its expression is often related to poor prognosis. An αβ-binding cystine knot peptide R1-MG was previously engineered and validated. Here, we developed a positron emission tomography (PET) probe of R1-MG for imaging αβ-positive lung cancer.

Clinical utility of F-FDG PET/CT imaging in patients with pulmonary artery sarcoma.

Background: Pulmonary artery sarcoma (PAS) is a rare and fatal malignancy. Due to the lack of specific clinical and radiological features, PAS is always misdiagnosed as pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). This study aimed to investigate F-FDG PET/CT in distinguishing PAS from PTE, and analyze its correlation with clinical and radiological findings and outcome of PAS.

A Solitary Spinal Cord Metastasis From Lung Cancer Displayed on 18 F-FDG PET/CT.

Chest CT images were acquired in a 79-year-old man to evaluate a right lung mass revealed by chest radiography. The image findings suggested possible pulmonary malignancy. FDG PET/CT was performed for staging, which displayed not only a hypermetabolic mass in the upper lobe of right lung but also increased FDG uptake of the spinal cord at T11 to T12 level.

Hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis caused by ANCA-associated vasculitis revealed by 18F-FDG PET/CT: A case report.

Rationale: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) can involve the central nervous system in estimatedly 15% of patients. Hypertrophic pachymeningitis causes inflammatory hypertrophy of the cranial or spinal dura mater and patients present with various neurological deficits. ANCA-associated hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis has rarely been reported in literature.

Assessment of cardiac amyloidosis with Tc-pyrophosphate (PYP) quantitative SPECT.

Background: Tc-PYP scintigraphy provides differential diagnosis of ATTR cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) from light chain cardiac amyloidosis and other myocardial disorders without biopsy. This study was aimed to assess the diagnostic feasibility and the operator reproducibility of Tc-PYP quantitative SPECT.

Method: Thirty-seven consecutive patients who underwent a Tc-PYP thorax planar scan followed by SPECT and CT scans to diagnose suspected ATTR-CM were enrolled.

PET imaging facilitates antibody screening for synergistic radioimmunotherapy with a Lu-labeled αPD-L1 antibody.

The low response rate of immunotherapy, such as anti-PD-L1/PD-1 and anti-CTLA4, has limited its application to a wider population of cancer patients. One widely accepted view is that inflammation within the tumor microenvironment is low or ineffective for inducing the sufficient infiltration and/or activation of lymphocytes. Here, a highly tumor-selective anti-PD-L1 (αPD-L1) antibody was developed through PET imaging screening, and it was radiolabeled with Lu-177 for PD-L1-targeted radioimmunotherapy (RIT) and radiation-synergized immunotherapy.

Enantioselective Addition-Alkylation of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyls via Bisguanidinium Silicate Ion Pair Catalysis.

Silicon hydrides, alkynylsilanes, and alkoxylsilanes were activated by fluoride in the presence of bisguanidinium catalyst to form hypervalent silicate ion pairs. These activated silicates undergo 1,4-additions with chromones, coumarins, and α-cyanocinnamic esters generating enolsilicate intermediates, for a consequent stereoselective alkylation reaction. The reduction-alkylation reaction proceeded under mild conditions using polymethylhydrosiloxane, a cheap and environmentally friendly hydride source.

Kinetic and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Tertiary Bromides by Pentanidium-Catalyzed Phase-Transfer Azidation.

We have developed a method to afford enantiomerically enriched tertiary azides and bromides through pentanidium-catalyzed kinetic resolution (KR) of racemic tertiary bromides under base-free conditions. We found that the absence of water is crucial to attain a high selectivity factor (s). On the other hand, new experimental observations and DFT modeling led us to propose that enantioconvergent azidation of tertiary bromides proceeded through dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR).

Diffuse Hepatosplenic 99mTc-Pyrophosphate Activity Caused by Amyloidosis.

A 46-year-old man underwent Tc-pyrophosphate scan to evaluate possible infiltrative myocardiopathy revealed by echocardiography. The images did not show abnormal cardiac activity. However, diffuse abnormal activity in the liver and spleen was noted.

Asymmetric Total Synthesis Enables Discovery of Antibacterial Activity of Siladenoserinols A and H.

Siladenoserinols A and H were found to show moderate inhibitory activity toward p53-Hdm2 interactions. Our total synthesis allowed us to further examine their bioactivities, which revealed that (i) siladenoserinols A and H were not cytotoxic against cancer cell lines and (ii) siladenoserinol A and its desulfamate analogue exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria including MRSA. Our studies demonstrate that siladenoserinols are a promising new class of bactericidal Gram-positive antibiotics without hemolytic activity.

An enantioconvergent halogenophilic nucleophilic substitution (S2X) reaction.

Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (S2) plays a central role in organic chemistry. In the conventionally accepted mechanism, the nucleophile displaces a carbon-bound leaving group X, often a halogen, by attacking the carbon face opposite the C-X bond. A less common variant, the halogenophilic S2X reaction, involves initial nucleophilic attack of the X group from the front and as such is less sensitive to backside steric hindrance.

Guanidine-Copper Complex Catalyzed Allylic Borylation for the Enantioconvergent Synthesis of Tertiary Cyclic Allylboronates.

An enantioconvergent synthesis of chiral cyclic allylboronates from racemic allylic bromides was achieved by using a guanidine-copper catalyst. The allylboronates were obtained with high γ/α regioselectivities (up to 99:1) and enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee), and could be further transformed into diverse functionalized allylic compounds without erosion of optical purity. Experimental and DFT mechanistic studies support an S 2' borylation process catalyzed by a monodentate guanidine-copper(I) complex that proceeds through a special direct enantioconvergent transformation mechanism.

Synthesis of Four Monoterpene-Derived Organosulfates and Their Quantification in Atmospheric Aerosol Samples.

Monoterpenes, a major class of biogenic volatile organic compounds, are known to produce oxidation products that further react with sulfate to form organosulfates. The accurate quantification of monoterpene-derived organosulfates (OSs) is necessary for quantifying this controllable aerosol source; however, it has been hampered by a lack of authentic standards. Here we report a unified synthesis strategy starting from the respective monoterpene through Upjohn dihydroxylation or Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation followed by monosulfation with the sulfur trioxide-pyridine complex.

The value of anti-1-amino-3-18F-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid PET/CT in the diagnosis of recurrent prostate carcinoma: a meta-analysis.

Background: Anti-1-amino-3-[18F]fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (anti-3-18F-FACBC) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), 11 C-choline PET/CT, 111In-capromab pendetide, and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used for detecting prostate carcinoma relapse.

Purpose: To systematically review and perform a meta-analysis of published data regarding the performance of 18F-FACBC PET/CT in the diagnosis of recurrent prostate carcinoma.

Material And Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature regarding the role of 18F-FACBC PET/CT in the diagnosis of recurrent prostate carcinoma was performed.

Asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-attenol B.

The more cytotoxic, thermodynamically less stable (+)-attenol B was isolated as a minor isomer of the spiroketal attenol A and synthesized previously as a minor product. Herein, we report a new strategy that for the first time led to asymmetric synthesis of (+)-attenol B as an exclusive product, featuring sequential Achmatowicz rearrangement/bicycloketalization to efficiently construct the 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.

Asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-didemniserinolipid B via Achmatowicz rearrangement/bicycloketalization.

A new synthetic strategy was developed for the asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-didemniserinolipid B in 19 linear steps, featuring a highly efficient and enantioselective construction of 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (6,8-DOBCO) framework via a rarely explored Achmatowicz rearrangement/bicycloketalization strategy.

Scalable asymmetric total syntheses of (+)-Psoracorylifol B and (+)-ent-Psoracorylifol C.

The first, asymmetric total syntheses of potent antimicrobial Psoracorylifol B (>1.3 g obtained, dr 10.5:1) with a 9.