A scoping review of multigenerational impacts of grandparental exposures on mental health in grandchildren.

Purpose Of Review: The multigenerational effects of grandparental exposures on their grandchildren's mental health and neurodevelopment are gaining research attention. We conducted a scoping review to summarize the current epidemiological studies investigating pregnancy-related and environmental factors that affected grandparental pregnancies and mental health outcomes in their grandchildren. We also identified methodological challenges that affect these multigenerational health studies and discuss opportunities for future research.

Parental Age and Childhood Risk for Cerebral Palsy in California.

Objective: To investigate the associations between maternal or paternal age at the time of delivery and offspring's risk for cerebral palsy (CP) in California.

Study Design: We conducted a population-based, case-control study that included 8736 singleton CP cases and 90 250 singleton controls, matched by sex and birth year, selected from California birth certificate records from 1994 to 2010. We estimated OR and 95% CIs for CP diagnosis according to maternal and paternal age recorded on the birth certificates.

Inhibition of PD-1 Alters the SHP1/2-PI3K/Akt Axis to Decrease M1 Polarization of Alveolar Macrophages in Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Polarization of alveolar macrophages (AMs) into the M1 phenotype contributes to inflammatory responses and tissue damage that occur during lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI). Programmed cell death factor-1 (PD-1) regulates polarization of macrophages, but its role in LIRI is unknown. We examined the role of PD-1 in AM polarization in models of LIRI in vivo and in vitro.

Developmental Milestones of Infancy and Associations with Later Childhood Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.

The age at attaining infancy developmental milestones has been associated with later neurodevelopmental outcomes, but evidence from large and diverse samples is lacking. We investigated this by analyzing data of 5360 singleton children aged 9-10 from 17 states in the US enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study during 2016-2020. Delays in four milestones (first roll over, unaided sitting, unaided walking, and speaking first words) were defined using the 90th percentile of age at attainment reported by children's biological mothers.

Preparation and modification of PS-PMMA microspheres and their application in high performance liquid chromatography.

Polymer microspheres have been widely used as a stationary phase for liquid chromatography. In this work, we prepared and synthesized polystyrene-methyl methacrylate (PS-PMMA) microspheres, modified them, characterized the microspheres to have good chromatographic properties, and then used them as a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) stationary phase to explore their applications. First, the PS-PMMA microspheres were hydrolyzed, and the separation of benzene homologues/alkaloids was explored.

Characterizing the Neural Correlates of Response Inhibition and Error Processing in Children With Symptoms of Irritability and/or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the ABCD Study®.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), characterized by symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity, is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with executive dysfunctions, including response inhibition and error processing. Research has documented a common co-occurrence between ADHD and pediatric irritability. The latter is more characterized by affective symptoms, specifically frequent temper outbursts and low frustration tolerance relative to typically developing peers.

International patterns and trends of childhood and adolescent cancer, 1978-2012.

Background: This study aimed to provide a detailed analysis of the temporal trends of cancer incidence rates for individuals aged 0-19 years in selected regions globally from 1978 to 2012.

Methods: Data were obtained from Volumes V-XI of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5), published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. A total of 53 registries in 23 regions from the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania that contained information on cancer incidence throughout 1978-2012 (35 years) were included in this study.

Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Facial Features at 5 Years of Age: A Study from the Danish National Birth Cohort.

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread persistent pollutants. Evidence regarding neurodevelopmental effects of PFAS have been mixed. The relation between PFAS exposure and anatomical markers that have been suggested to correlate with fetal brain development have not been studied.

Perinatal and birth correlates of childhood irritability in Taiwan's national epidemiological study.

Background: Childhood irritability, characterized by low frustration tolerance and developmentally-inappropriate temper outbursts, is a transdiagnostic symptom in child psychiatry. Little is known regarding the influences of early experience and environmental exposure on irritability from a perinatal perspective. This study examined the associations between irritability and multiple perinatal and birth factors.

Rates of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Gestational Age at Birth in a Danish Population.

Importance: Nonoptimal gestational durations could be associated with neurodevelopmental disabilities, yet evidence regarding finer classification of gestational age and rates of multiple major neuropsychiatric disorders beyond childhood is limited.

Objective: To comprehensively evaluate associations between 6 gestational age groups and rates of 9 major types and 8 subtypes of childhood and adult-onset neuropsychiatric disorders.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study evaluated data from a nationwide register of singleton births in Denmark from January 1, 1978, to December 31, 2016.

Recent research progress in the construction of active free radical nanoreactors and their applications in photodynamic therapy.

Photodynamic therapy is the most important treatment strategy in free radical therapy. However, tumor microenvironment hypoxia is a key obstacle in PDT. In order to overcome this obstacle, the strategy of in situ production of O/radicals by catalytic reaction in solid tumors was proposed.

Associations of parental birth characteristics with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk in their offspring: a population-based multigenerational cohort study in Denmark.

Background: Fetal exposure risk factors are associated with increased autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk. New hypotheses regarding multigenerational risk for ASD have been proposed, but epidemiological evidence is largely lacking. We evaluated whether parental birth characteristics, including preterm birth and low birthweight, were associated with ASD risk in offspring.

Inhibition of p38 MAPK Mitigates Lung Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Reducing Blood-Air Barrier Hyperpermeability.

Lung ischemia reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a complex pathophysiological process activated by lung transplantation and acute lung injury. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is involved in breakdown of the endothelial barrier during LIRI, but the mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the function of p38 MAPK in LIRI and .

Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and behavioral difficulties in childhood at 7 and 11 years.

Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are suggested to interfere with thyroid hormone during pregnancy and influence fetal neurodevelopment. Epidemiological evidence regarding behavioral difficulties in childhood associated with prenatal PFAS exposure has been inconclusive.

Objective: We evaluated the association between prenatal PFAS exposure and behavioral difficulties at 7 and 11 years, and investigated the potential mediating role of maternal thyroid hormones.

Preconditioning with rHMGB1 ameliorates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting alveolar macrophage pyroptosis via the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Background: Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a complex pathophysiological process that can lead to poor patient outcomes. Inflammasome-dependent macrophage pyroptosis contributes to organ damage caused by ischemia/reperfusion injury. Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes also play an important role in LIRI.

Association of Grandparental and Parental Age at Childbirth With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children.

Importance: Advanced parental age has been associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in children. However, little is known about the association between grandparental age at the time of birth of the parent and the risk of ASD in the grandchildren.

Objective: To estimate the associations between parental and grandparental age and ASD risk in children.

[Dexamethasone on alleviating lung ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by regulating PI3K/AKT pathway].

Objective: To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of dexamethasone in lung ischemia/reperfusion injury (LIRI) rats.

Methods: (1) Part one experiment: 24 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups according to the random number method (n = 6): standard ventilation group (N group), normal saline group (NS group), LIRI group, and dexamethasone+LIRI group (DEX group). The rat model of LIRI was established by clamping the left pulmonary hilum for 1 hour and reperfusing it for 2 hours.

Conversations Regarding Personhood: Use of the Patient Dignity Question in an Outpatient Psycho-Oncology Clinic.

The Patient Dignity Question (PDQ) is a single question, which directly asks the patient, "What should I know about you as to help me take the best care of you that I can?" Research has demonstrated that the PDQ enhances quality health care within an inpatient palliative care setting; however, no research to date has examined the PDQ in an outpatient setting, particularly a psycho-oncology setting. The PDQ was administered as part of routine clinical care in an outpatient psycho-oncology clinic to enhance patient-centered care. Individuals diagnosed with cancer ( = 66) were referred for individual psychotherapy primarily for anxiety and/or depression.