Multifunctional Prussian blue nanozymes alleviate atherosclerosis through inhibiting the inflammation feedback loop.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of numerous proinflammatory cytokines, massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and excess lipids, which together result in an overall inflammatory positive feedback loop in the plaque focus. Due to its excellent enzyme-like activity in ROS scavenging and inflammation inhibition, as well as its photothermal effects in the lipid efflux ability of foam cells, Prussian blue (PB) has greater potential in preventing inflammatory factor loops for enhanced treatment of AS than traditional nanozymes. In this study, the multifunctional nanozyme BSA@PB/Cur was synthesized by self-assembly of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with PB and further encapsulation of the anti-inflammatory drug curcumin (Cur).

The Stylo Cysteine-Rich Peptide Is Involved in Aluminum Tolerance through Enhancing Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging.

Stylo ( spp.) is an important pasture legume with strong aluminum (Al) resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its Al tolerance remain fragmentary.

pH-responsive size-adjustable liposomes induce apoptosis of fibroblasts and macrophages for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), macrophages infiltrate joints, while fibroblast-like synovial cells proliferate abnormally, forming a barrier against drug delivery, which hinders effective drug delivery to joint focus. Here we firstly designed a pH-responsive size-adjustable nanoparticle, composed by methotrexate (MTX)-human serum albumin (HSA) complex coating with pH-responsive liposome (Lipo/MTX-HSA) for delivering drugs specifically to inflamed joints in acidic environments. We showed in vitro that the nanoparticles can induce mitochondrial dysfunction, promote apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and macrophages, further reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-9), and regulate the inflammatory microenvironment.

Significant Increase in Ammonia Emissions in China: Considering Nonagricultural Sectors Based on Isotopic Source Apportionment.

Isotopic source apportionment results revealed that nonagricultural sectors are significant sources of ammonia (NH) emissions, particularly in urban areas. Unfortunately, nonagricultural sources have been substantially underrepresented in the current anthropogenic NH emission inventories (EIs). Here, we propose a novel approach to develop a gridded EI of nonagricultural NH in China for 2016 using a combination of isotopic source apportionment results and the emission ratios of carbon monoxide (CO) and NH.

Thyrotropin induces atherosclerosis by upregulating large conductance Ca-activated K channel subunits.

Hypothyroidism is associated with elevated levels of serum thyrotropin (TSH), which have been shown to promote abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the TSH-induced abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of TSH in the progression of atherosclerosis.

Size-distribution and driving factors of aerosol oxidative potential in rural kitchen microenvironments of northeastern India.

This study reports size-resolved dithiothreitol (DTT)-based oxidative potential (OP: total and water-soluble) in rural kitchens using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), firewood (FW), and mixed biomass (MB) fuels in northeastern (NE) India. In comparison to LPG, volume-normalized total OP (OP) was enhanced by a factor of ∼5 in biomass-using kitchens (74 ± 35 to 78 ± 42 nmol min m); however, mass-normalized total OP (OP) was similar between LPG and FW users and higher by a factor of 2 in MB-using kitchens. The water-insoluble OP (OP) fraction in OP was greater than 50% across kitchens.

Contamination and health risks brought by arsenic, lead and cadmium in a water-soil-plant system nearby a non-ferrous metal mining area.

Heavy metal(loid)s contamination prevails in the water-soil-plant system around non-ferrous metal mining areas. The present study aimed to evaluate the heavy metal(loid)s contamination in Nandan Pb-Zn mining area (Guangxi, China). A total of 36 river water samples, 75 paired paddy soil and rice samples, and 128 paired upland soil and plant samples were collected from this area.

Different stimuli induce endothelial dysfunction and promote atherosclerosis through the Piezo1/YAP signaling axis.

Vascular endothelial dysfunction is the initial step in atherosclerosis (AS). AS tends to occur at vascular bifurcations and curves, and endothelial cells(ECs) are highly susceptible to injury due to mechanical forces induced by disturbed flow (DF) with inconsistent blood flow directions. However, the pathogenesis of endothelial cell dysfunction in AS remains unclear and needs further study.

Advances in treatment strategies based on scavenging reactive oxygen species of nanoparticles for atherosclerosis.

The development of atherosclerosis (AS) is closely linked to changes in the plaque microenvironment, which consists primarily of the cells that form plaque and the associated factors they secrete. The onset of inflammation, lipid deposition, and various pathological changes in cellular metabolism that accompany the plaque microenvironment will promote the development of AS. Numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress is an important condition that promotes AS.

Contribution of marine biological emissions to gaseous methylamines in the atmosphere: An emission inventory based on multi-source data sets.

Methylamines are a class of highly reactive organic alkaline gases in the atmosphere. At present, the gridded emission inventories of amines used in the atmospheric numerical model is mostly based on the amine/ammonia ratio method and do not consider the air-sea exchange of methylamines, which oversimplifies the emission scenario. Marine biological emissions (MBE), an important source of methylamines, has been insufficiently investigated.

Optical source apportionment of aqueous brown carbon (BrC) on a daytime and nighttime basis in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) and insights from C and N isotopic signatures.

This study reports day-night and seasonal variations of aqueous brown carbon (BrC) and constituent humic-like substances (HULIS) (neutral and acidic HULIS: HULIS-n and HULIS-a) from the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) of India during 2019-2020. This is followed by the application of the receptor model positive matrix factorization (PMF) for optical source apportionment of BrC and the use of stable isotopic ratios (δC and δN) to understand atmospheric processing. Nighttime BrC absorption and mass absorption efficiencies (MAE) were enhanced by 40-150 % and 50-190 %, respectively, compared to the daytime across seasons, possibly as a combined effect from daytime photobleaching, dark-phase secondary formation, and increased nighttime emissions.

[Characterization of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds, Source Apportionment, and the Ozone-NO-VOC Sensitivities in Liucheng County, Guangxi].

Liucheng county, as a suburb of Liuzhou City in Guangxi province, has a prominent ozone (O) pollution problem; however, there have been no relevant analyses of the cause of local O pollution reported. In order to investigate the causes of O pollution, an online observation of 116 VOCs with a time resolution of 1 h was carried out in Liucheng county from October 1 to 15, and the sensitivity of ozone to the relative changes in the NO and VOCs was analyzed. The results showed that the average value of ［total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs)］ during the observation period was 27.

Seasonal variations in aerosol acidity and its driving factors in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain: A quantitative analysis.

This study employs ISORROPIA-II for the evaluation of aerosol acidity and quantification of contributions from chemical species and meteorological parameters to acidity variation in the Indian context. PM samples collected during summer (April-July 2018), post-monsoon (September-November 2018), and winter (December 2018-January 2019) from a rural receptor location in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) were analyzed for ionic species, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and organic and elemental carbon (OC, EC) fractions. This was followed by estimation of the in situ aerosol pH and liquid water content (LWC) using the forward mode of ISORROPIA-II, which is less sensitive to measurement uncertainty compared to the reverse mode, for a K-Ca-Mg-NH-Na-SO-NO-Cl-HO system.

Are fireworks a significant episodic source of brown carbon?

We hypothesize that firework events involving the combustion of charcoal fuel, organic binders, metal salts, and cellulose-based wrapping material could be significant transient sources of aerosol brown carbon (BrC). To test this, we couple high time-resolution (1 min) measurements of black carbon (BC) and BrC absorption from a 7-wavelength aethalometer with time-integrated (12-24 h) measurements of filter extracts, i.e.

Assessment of background ozone concentrations in China and implications for using region-specific volatile organic compounds emission abatement to mitigate air pollution.

Mitigation of ambient ozone (O) pollution is a great challenge because it depends heavily on the background O which has been poorly evaluated in many regions, including in China. By establishing the relationship between O and air temperature near the surface, the mean background O mixing ratios in the clean and polluted seasons were determined to be 35-40 and 50-55 ppbv in China during 2013-2019, respectively. Simulations using the chemical transport model (i.

Significant contribution of lightning NO to summertime surface O on the Tibetan Plateau.

Lightning generates nitrogen oxides (NO) in the troposphere, an important precursor of tropospheric ozone (O). The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is considered to be a global atmospheric background location with limited anthropogenic influences. However, the observed summertime surface O concentration on the TP is 25% higher than that in highly polluted regions (e.

Synergistic effects of biogenic volatile organic compounds and soil nitric oxide emissions on summertime ozone formation in China.

Natural emissions play a key role in modulating the formation of ground-level ozone (O), especially emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and soil nitric oxide (SNO), and their individual effects on O formation have been previously quantified and evaluated. However, their synergistic effects remain unclear and have not yet been well assessed. By applying the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the Chemistry-Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (WRF/Chem-MEGAN) model, this study reveals that in the presence of sufficient BVOC emissions, which act as a fuel, SNO emissions act as a fuel additive and promote the chemical reactions of BVOCs and the subsequent production of O.

A New Index Developed for Fast Diagnosis of Meteorological Roles in Ground-Level Ozone Variations.

Unlabelled: China experienced worsening ground-level ozone (O) pollution from 2013 to 2019. In this study, meteorological parameters, including surface temperature ( ), solar radiation (SW), and wind speed (WS), were classified into two aspects, (1) Photochemical Reaction Condition (PRC = × SW) and (2) Physical Dispersion Capacity (PDC = WS). In this way, a Meteorology Synthetic Index (MSI = PRC/PDC) was developed for the quantification of meteorology-induced ground-level O pollution.

Ozone control strategies for local formation- and regional transport-dominant scenarios in a manufacturing city in southern China.

Given the leveling off of fine particulate matter (PM), ground-level ozone (O) pollution has become one of the most significant atmospheric pollution issues in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in China, especially in the manufacturing city of Dongguan, which faces more severe O pollution. The development of strategies to control O precursor emissions, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxide (NO), depends to a large extent on the source region of the O pollution. In this study, by combining the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem), the Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA), and the Flexible Particle model (FLEXPART), more effective strategies of controlling O precursor emissions were identified under two typical types of O pollution episodes: local formation (LF)-dominant (8-12 September 2019) and regional transport (RT)-dominant (23-27 October 2017) episodes, distinguished by the WRF-FLEXPART model.