Probabilistic memory auto-encoding network for abnormal behavior detection in surveillance video.

Abnormal behavior detection in surveillance video, as one of the essential functions in the intelligent surveillance system, plays a vital role in anti-terrorism, maintaining stability, and ensuring social security. Aiming at the problem of extremely imbalance between normal behavior data and abnormal behavior data, the probabilistic memory model-based network is designed to learn from the distribution of normal behaviors and guide the detection of abnormal behavior. An auto-encoding model is employed as the backbone network, and the gap between the predicted future frame and the real frame is used to measure the degree of abnormality.

Resistance to immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: Unraveling causes, developing effective strategies, and exploring potential breakthroughs.

Over the last two decades, advancements in deciphering the intricate interactions between oncology and immunity have fueled a meteoric rise in immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer, typified by an explosive growth of immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, resistance to immunotherapy remains inevitable. Herein we unravel the labyrinthine mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy, characterized by their involvement of nearly all types of cells within the body, beyond the extrinsic cancer cells, and importantly, such cells are not only (inhibitory or excitatory, or both) signal recipients but also producers, acting in a context-dependent manner.

MXene-induced construction of SnS2 nano-arrays with sulfur vacancies for high-efficiency photocatalytic CO2 reduction.

Solar-driven CO2 reduction has gained significant attention as a sustainable approach for CO2 utilization, enabling the selective production of fuels and chemicals. SnS2, a non-precious metal sulfide semiconductor, has great potential in photocatalytic CO2 reduction due to its unique physicochemical properties. However, low electrical conductivity and susceptibility to aggregation of pure SnS2 lead to a high charge recombination rate and hinder the photocatalytic efficiency.

Intraindividual variability differentiated older adults with physical frailty and the role of education in the maintenance of cognitive intraindividual variability.

Objectives: Physical frailty is associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment. However, its impact on sustained cognitive processing as evaluated by intraindividual variability (IIV), and factors beneficial to IIV in physically frail older adults remain unexplored. This study aimed to quantify differences in IIV between older adults with and without physical frailty, and examine whether education facilitated maintenance of IIV.

Polyamine metabolism and anti-tumor immunity.

Growing attention has been directed toward the critical role of polyamines in the tumor microenvironment and immune regulation. Polyamines, primarily comprising putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are tightly regulated through coordinated biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport, with distinct metabolic patterns between normal and cancerous tissues. Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal role of polyamine metabolism in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis.

Analysis the diagnostic performance of H4C6/SOX1-OT gene methylation in bladder cancer based on urine sample.

Bladder cancer (BCa) is the second most common urological malignancy, but the techniques used today to detect and monitor BCa are frequently invasive and/or have inadequate sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, it is imperative to create a noninvasive test that is both sensitive and accurate for diagnosing BCa. This research introduces and validates the diagnostic performance of H4C6/SOX1-OT gene methylation in the diagnosis of BCa based on urine samples by designing two parts of studies: the case-control study and the prospective validation study.

Status of scientific research integrity knowledge in dental undergraduates from 34 universities in China.

Background: This study investigated the status of research integrity knowledge among dental undergraduates from 34 Chinese universities in 5 key demographic regions.

Methods: Questionnaires regarding the status of research integrity, including perception, attitude, and firsthand experience of scientific research integrity, were distributed to dental undergraduates of 34 Chinese universities. These universities were from 5 key demographic regions of China, i.

Association of the Lipidome With Alzheimer's Disease and the Mediated Effect of Metabolites: A Two-Step Mendelian Randomization Study.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the causal effects of lipidome on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the mediated effects of the metabolites using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: Data were obtained in genome-wide association studies, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms were screened according to the underlying assumptions of MR. Subsequently, weighted inverse variance was used to analyze the causality of lipidome with AD as well as the mediated effects of metabolites.

Comparison of clinical efficacy between femoral neck system and cannulated screw in Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture: A meta-analysis.

Background: In recent years, the femoral neck system (FNS) has become increasingly widely used for Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures.

Objective: We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the safety and efficacy of FNS and the mainstream internal fixation method, cannulated screw (CS), in the treatment of Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures.

Methods: We systematically searched all research studies from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, WANFANG, and the Chinese Academic Journal Full-Text Database (CNKI) from 2018 to July 2024 and conducted data extraction.

Case report: Monitoring consciousness with fNIRS in a patient with prolonged reduced consciousness following hemorrhagic stroke undergoing adjunct taVNS therapy.

Disorders of consciousness (DoC) resulting from severe brain injury present substantial challenges in rehabilitation due to disruptions in brain network connectivity, particularly within the frontal-parietal network critical for awareness. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has emerged as a promising non-invasive intervention; however, the precise mechanisms through which it influences cortical function in DoC patients remain unclear. This study describes the effects of taVNS on fronto-parietal network connectivity and arousal in a 77-year-old female patient with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS).

Unveiling the Connection Between Micronutrients and Autoimmune Thyroiditis: Are They True Friends?

The role of micronutrients in autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) has been controversial and lacks sufficient genetic evidence. This study aimed to assess the relationships between various micronutrients and AIT by Mendelian randomization (MR). The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of micronutrients and AIT were acquired from IEU Open GWAS project and FinnGen, and were screened according to the basic assumptions of MR.

Exploring cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation in post-stroke limb dysfunction rehabilitation: a narrative review.

This review delves into the emerging field of cerebellar Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in the rehabilitation of limb dysfunction following a stroke. It synthesizes findings from randomized controlled trials and case studies, examining the efficacy, safety, and underlying mechanisms of cerebellar TMS. The review outlines advancements in TMS technologies, such as low-frequency repetitive TMS, intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation, and Cerebello-Motor Paired Associative Stimulation, and their integration with physiotherapy.

Dysregulation of neutrophil in sepsis: recent insights and advances.

Sepsis remains the leading cause of death in intensive care units. Despite newer antimicrobial and supportive therapies, specific treatments are still lacking. Neutrophils are pivotal components of the effector phase of the host immune defense against pathogens and play a crucial role in the control of infections under normal circumstances.

Causal effects of various particulate matter on inflammatory bowel disease and its subtypes: insights from Mendelian randomization.

The role of particulate matter (PM) on genetic susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a controversial topic. The study aims to evaluate the causal effect of PM on IBD using Mendelian randomization (MR). PM and IBD datasets were screened for common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on the MR basic assumptions.

GLP1 alleviates oleic acid-propelled lipocalin-2 generation by tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells to reduce polymorphonuclear MDSC recruitment and enhances viral immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer.

Recruitment of polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) in the TME suppresses the antitumor activity of tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells (CD8 TILs). Little is known about the role of antitumoral CD8 TILs in actively initiating an immune-tolerant microenvironment, particularly in the recruitment of PMN-MDSCs. In this study, we found that immunotherapy-activated CD8 TILs significantly increased PNM-MDSC infiltration in the TME, resulting in antitumor resistance.

All-natural charge gradient interface for sustainable seawater zinc batteries.

Paring seawater electrolyte with zinc metal electrode has emerged as one of the most sustainable alternative solutions for offshore stationary energy storages owing to the intrinsic safety, extremely low cost, and unlimited water source. However, it remains a substantial challenge to stabilize zinc metal negative electrode in seawater electrolyte, given the presence of chloride ions and complex cations in seawater. Here, we reveal that chloride pitting initiates negative electrode corrosion and aggravates dendritic deposition, causing rapid battery failure.

Causal effects of circulating immune cells on coronary atherosclerosis: Evidence from Mendelian randomization.

The role of circulating immune cells in coronary atherosclerosis remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the causal effects of various immune cells on coronary atherosclerosis using Mendelian randomization (MR). Circulating immune cell datasets were obtained from genome-wide association studies, and coronary atherosclerosis datasets were obtained from FinnGen.

Gradient Design with Low-Tortuosity Overcoming Kinetic Limitations in High-Loading Solid-State Cathodes.

The extensive commercialization of practical solid-state batteries (SSBs) necessitates the development of high-loading solid-state cathodes with fast charging capability. However, electrochemical kinetics are severely delayed in thick cathodes due to tortuous ion transport pathways and slow solid-solid ion diffusion, which limit the achievable capacity of SSBs at high current densities. In this work, we propose a conductivity gradient cathode with low-tortuosity to enable facile ion transport and counterbalance ion concentration gradient, thereby overcoming the kinetic limitations and achieving fast charging capabilities in thick cathodes.

How do immune cells shape type 1 diabetes? Insights from Mendelian randomization.

Objective: The role of immune cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the causal effect of different immune cells on T1D using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: A dataset of immune cell phenotypes (numbered from GCST0001391 to GCST0002121) was obtained from the European Bioinformatics Institute, while a T1D dataset (numbered finngen_R10_T1D) was obtained from FinnGen.

Cbl-b inhibition improves manufacturing efficiency and antitumoral efficacy of anti-CD19 CAR-T cells.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells represent a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy, yet their efficacy is hindered by immunosuppressive signals in the tumor microenvironment. Casitas B-cell lymphoma protein b (Cbl-b) is a key negative regulator of T cell function. This study investigated whether inhibiting Cbl-b enhances the antitumor activity of human CAR-T cells.

NRP1 instructs IL-17-producing ILC3s to drive colitis progression.

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) control tissue homeostasis and orchestrate mucosal inflammation; however, the precise mechanisms governing ILC3 activity are fully understood. Here, we identified the transmembrane protein neuropilin-1 (NRP1) as a positive regulator of interleukin (IL)-17-producing ILC3s in the intestine. NRP1 was markedly upregulated in intestinal mucosal biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) compared with healthy controls.

Tumor metastasis and recurrence: The role of perioperative NETosis.

Although surgical resection of tumor mass remains the mainstay of curative therapeutic management for solid tumors, accumulating studies suggest that these procedures promote tumor recurrence and metastasis. Regarded as the first immune cells to fight against infectious or inflammatory insults from surgery, neutrophils along with their ability of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) production has attracted much attention. A growing body of evidence suggests that NETs promote cancer metastasis by stimulating various stages, including local invasion, colonization, and growth.

Ultrathin composite polymer electrolyte with ordered ion pathways for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries.

Thin yet robust solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with efficient Li transport are highly desirable for realizing high-energy-density all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries (ASSLMBs). Herein, an ultrathin (10 μm) SSE with ordered ion pathways is reported for scalable ASSLMBs production. The SSE is supported by the poly (ether sulfone) scaffold, which not only improves mechanical strength and safety capability but also enables low-tortuous Li transport along the inner walls of its vertically aligned microchannels.

SHIP-1 Differentially Regulates IgE-Induced IL-10 and Antiviral Responses in Human Monocytes.

IgE-mediated stimulation of monocytes regulates multiple cellular functions including cellular maturation, cytokine release, antiviral responses, and T-cell differentiation. Expression of the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI, is closely linked to serum IgE levels and atopic disease. The signaling molecules regulating FcεRI effector functions have been well studied in mast cells and basophils; however, less is known about the signaling and regulatory mechanisms in monocytes.