Publications by authors named "Jingxia Gu"

We recently showed that inhibition of hypoxia-induced factor-1 (HIF-1) decreased acute ischemic stroke-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. However, factors that induce the upregulation of HIF-1 expression remain unclear. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase played a critical role in reperfusion-induced BBB damage after stroke.

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Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (dl-NBP) was approved by the FDA of China for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Dl-NBP has been shown to promote neurological functional recovery and enhance white matter integrity using an endothelin-1-induced focal permanent cerebral ischemia model, which could mimic those patients who have no opportunity to receive either tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) thrombolysis or endovascular therapy. However, it is not clear whether dl-NBP could promote neurological functional recovery in a focal transient cerebral ischemia model, which could mimic those patients who have the opportunity to receive either tPA thrombolysis or endovascular therapy.

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Increase of blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability after acute ischemia stroke is a predictor to intracerebral hemorrhage transformation (HT) for tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) thrombolysis and post-endovascular treatment. Previous studies showed that 2-h ischemia induced damage of BBB integrity and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) made major contribution to this disruption. A recent study showed that blocking β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) alleviated ischemia-induced BBB injury by reducing hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) level.

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Efficient delivery of therapeutic proteins to a target site remains a challenge due to rapid clearance from the body. Here, we selected tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as a model protein system to investigate the interactions between the protein and a nonionic block copolymer as a possible protecting agent for the protein. By varying the temperature, we were able to obtain core-shell structures based on hydrophobic interactions among PO blocks and noncovalent interactions between TMV and EO blocks.

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Prostate cancer is associated with high mortality and new therapeutic strategies are necessary for improved patient outcome. The utilisation of potent, sequence-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) to facilitate down-regulation of complementary mRNA sequences in vitro and in vivo has stimulated the development of siRNA-based cancer therapies. However, the lack of an effective siRNA delivery system significantly retards clinical application.

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The physicochemical compatibility between amphiphilic polymers and hydrophobic drugs has been recognized as an important issue for improving the drug solubilisation in polymeric micelle formulations. In this work, poly-L-lysine (PLL) grafted by cholate pendants as the only hydrophobic moiety were synthesized in order to facilitate the solubilisation of sterol drugs. Results showed that micelles formed by cholate grafted PLL encapsulated significantly higher level of prednisolone and estradiol than palmitoylated PLL micelles, whereas the solubilisation capacity of non-sterol drug (griseofulvin) is inefficient for both polymers.

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Injectable hydrogels with pH and temperature triggered drug release capability were synthesized based on biocompatible glycol chitosan and benzaldehyde-capped poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEO-PPO-PEO). Aqueous solutions of the above polymers formed hydrogel under physiological conditions, allowing a desirable injectability, through the formation covalent benzoic-imine bond with pH and temperature changes. Rheological characterization demonstrated that the gelation rate and the moduli of the hydrogels were able to be tuned with chemical composition as well as pH and temperature of the polymer solution.

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We demonstrate that multifuctional drug carriers, e.g., polymeric micelles, for tumor-specific uptake and intracellular delivery can be generated from the pH-dependent progressive hydrolysis of a novel benzoic-imine linker in the micelle-forming amphiphilic polymer.

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Article Synopsis
  • Researchers created a new type of polycation by attaching polyethylene glycol (PEG) to a core polymer using a unique pH-sensitive linker.
  • At normal body pH, this polymer maintains a "stealth" appearance, keeping it less toxic and reducing its interaction with blood cells.
  • However, in acidic environments like tumors or endosomes, the linker breaks down, exposing a positively charged surface that can promote drug delivery by enhancing cell uptake.
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Micro-capsules normally encapsulate therapeutic agents only inside their cavities. In this paper, we report on the synthesis of dually responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAM)-co-acrylic acid (AA) hydrogel cages sub-micrometer in size and the use of these cages as drug carriers. The cavity structure of the cages can enhance volume phase transition compared to solid gel particles, thus favoring drug loading and release.

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