Response surface methodology and Box-Behnken design optimization of Sulfaquinoxaline removal efficiency and degradation mechanisms by Bacillus sp. strain DLY-11.

Antibiotic pollution, particularly the persistence of Sulfaquinoxaline (SQ) residues in livestock and poultry farming environments, has emerged as a pressing environmental concern. Despite this, there remains a limited understanding of the optimized conditions and mechanisms for the efficient degradation of SQ by microorganisms. To address this knowledge gap, we isolated Bacillus sp.

Hydrochemical and microbial community characteristics and the sources of inorganic nitrogen in groundwater from different aquifers in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China.

Groundwater from different aquifers in the Zhanjiang area suffers from different degrees of nitrogen pollution, which poses a serious threat to the health of urban and rural residents as well as the surrounding aquatic ecological environment. However, neither the water chemistry and microbial community characteristics in different aquifer media nor the sources of inorganic nitrogen pollution have been extensively studied. This study integrated water quality parameters, dual isotopes (δN-NO and δO-NO), and 16S rRNA data to clarify the hydrochemical and microbial characteristics of loose rock pore water (LRPW), layered bedrock fissure water (LBFW), and volcanic rock pore fissure water (VRPFW) in the Zhanjiang area and to determine inorganic nitrogen pollution and sources.

Isolation, identification, and optimization of conditions for the degradation of four sulfonamide antibiotics and their metabolic pathways in DLY-21.

Overuse of sulfonamides in aquaculture and agriculture leads to residual drugs that cause serious pollution of the environment. However, the residues of sulfonamides in the environment are not unique, and the existing microbial degradation technology has a relatively low degradation rate of sulfonamides. Therefore, in this study, a strain (DLY-21) with the ability to degrade four common SAs was screened and isolated from aerobic compost.

Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation of 1,3-Dipolar Nitrones.

Owing to their distinctive 1,3-dipolar structure, the catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of nitrones to hydroxylamines has been a formidable and longstanding challenge, characterized by intricate enantiocontrol and susceptibility to N-O bond cleavage. In this study, the asymmetric hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation of nitrones were accomplished with a tethered TsDPEN-derived cyclopentadienyl rhodium(III) catalyst (TsDPEN: p-toluenesulfonyl-1,2-diphenylethylene-1,2-diamine), the reaction proceeds via a novel 7-membered cyclic transition state, producing chiral hydroxylamines with up to 99 % yield and >99 % ee. The practical viability of this methodology was underscored by gram-scale catalytic reactions and subsequent transformations.

ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid alleviates systemic lupus erythematosus by suppressing autoimmunity in a murine model.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune inflammatory disease that damages multiple organs by the production of autoantibodies. Numerous research studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). A diet rich in ω-3 PUFAs reduces chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.

Study on the Effect of AO-Coupled Constructed Wetlands on Conventional and Trace Organic Pollutant Treatment.

In this study, a pilot-scale integrated process was developed, which combined the integrated biological contact oxidation technology (AO) and the improved constructed wetland technology. The results showed significant removal efficiency for both conventional and trace organic pollutants. The average removal efficiencies for COD, NH-N, and TP were 78.

Novel (-)-arctigenin derivatives inhibit signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation and P-glycoprotein function resensitizing multidrug resistant cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is considered one of the significant chemotherapy failures of cancer patients and resulting in tumor recurrence and refractory cancer. The collateral sensitivity phenomenon is suggested as a potential alternative therapy for coring multidrug resistance in cancer. To achieve better effects and reduce toxicity, a polypharmacology strategy was applied.

Phasic alertness boosts representational momentum.

The final location of a moving object is always misremembered in the direction of the object's motion; this occurrence is called representational momentum. Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of phasic alertness on representational momentum by presenting a visual or auditory warning cue. In experiment 1, the mouse pointer paradigm was used, and the results showed that external warning cues increased forward displacement.

Highly Enantioselective Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Alder-ene-type Cycloisomerization of 1,7-Enynes.

The transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric cycloisomerization of 1,7-enynes is regarded as a formidable challenge due to the poor ability of 1,7-enynes to serve as bidentate ligands to metal. In this Letter, a highly enantioselective rhodium(I)-catalyzed Alder-ene-type cycloisomerization of 1,7-enynes is disclosed, offering an efficient method for the synthesis of a wide range of fused six-membered cyclic compounds. Furthermore, a high turnover frequency experiment and deuterium-labeling experiment were performed to give insight into this transformation.

Concise, scalable and enantioselective total synthesis of prostaglandins.

Prostaglandins are among the most important natural isolates owing to their broad range of bioactivities and unique structures. However, current methods for the synthesis of prostaglandins suffer from low yields and lengthy steps. Here, we report a practicability-oriented synthetic strategy for the enantioselective and divergent synthesis of prostaglandins.

2,5-Hexanedione influences primordial follicular development in cultured neonatal mouse ovaries by interfering with the PI3K signaling pathway via miR-214-3p.

The mechanisms by which 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) exposure adversely affects reproduction are unclear. In the present study, whole neonatal mouse ovaries were exposed to 2,5-HD in vitro and then assessed for progesterone levels to determine the effects of this compound on ovary function. Ovarian histomorphological analyses were performed to assess the effects of 2,5-HD on follicular development, and PI3K signaling pathway was evaluated to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of 2,5-HD-mediated toxicity on follicular development.

Causalcall: Nanopore Basecalling Using a Temporal Convolutional Network.

Nanopore sequencing is promising because of its long read length and high speed. During sequencing, a strand of DNA/RNA passes through a biological nanopore, which causes the current in the pore to fluctuate. During basecalling, context-dependent current measurements are translated into the base sequence of the DNA/RNA strand.

Comparison of the neurotoxicity associated with cobalt nanoparticles and cobalt chloride in Wistar rats.

Cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) have been widely used in industry given their physical, chemical and magnetic properties; however, CoNPs may cause neurological symptoms and diseases in human, yet their mechanisms of toxicity remain unknown. Here, we used male Wistar rats to investigate differences in the toxic effects associated with CoNPs and CoCl. Upon exposure to CoCl, and 96 nm or 123 nm CoNPs at the same concentration, the Co content in CoCl group was significantly higher than that in either the CoNPs groups in brain tissues and blood, but lower in liver.

The Increase of ROS Caused by the Interference of DEHP with JNK/p38/p53 Pathway as the Reason for Hepatotoxicity.

As the most commonly used plasticizer, Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) exists everywhere in the environment due to the widespread use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in human life, and it is also a recognized environmental pollutant. Studies have proved the hepatotoxicity of DEHP, however the mechanism has not been adequately explored, especially the role of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in it. In the present study, 21 day-old ICR mice were administered DEHP with dose of 0, 125, 250, and 375 mg/kg/day for 28 days by intragastrical gavage.

Author Correction: PAK signalling drives acquired drug resistance to MAPK inhibitors in BRAF-mutant melanomas.

In this Letter, two relevant references were omitted; see the accompanying Amendment for details. The original Letter has not been corrected.

Effects of silver nanoparticles with different dosing regimens and exposure media on artificial ecosystem.

Due to the wide use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in various fields, it is crucial to explore the potential negative impacts on the aquatic environment of AgNPs entering into the environment in different ways. In this study, comparative experiments were conducted to investigate the toxicological impacts of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles (PVP-AgNPs) with two kinds of dosing regimens, continuous and one-time pulsed dosing, in different exposure media (deionized water and XiangJiang River water). There were a number of quite different experimental results (including 100% mortality of zebrafish, decline in the activity of enzymes, and lowest number and length of adventitious roots) in the one-time pulsed dosing regimen at high PVP-AgNP concentration exposure (HOE) compared to the three other treatments.

PAK signalling drives acquired drug resistance to MAPK inhibitors in BRAF-mutant melanomas.

Targeted BRAF inhibition (BRAFi) and combined BRAF and MEK inhibition (BRAFi and MEKi) therapies have markedly improved the clinical outcomes of patients with metastatic melanoma. Unfortunately, the efficacy of these treatments is often countered by the acquisition of drug resistance. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms that underlie acquired resistance to BRAFi and to the combined therapy.

Polarized Exocytosis.

Polarized exocytosis is generally considered as the multistep vesicular trafficking process in which membrane-bounded carriers are transported from the Golgi or endosomal compartments to specific sites of the plasma membrane. Polarized exocytosis in cells is achieved through the coordinated actions of membrane trafficking machinery and cytoskeleton orchestrated by signaling molecules such as the Rho family of small GTPases. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of polarized exocytosis is essential to our understanding of a wide range of pathophysiological processes from neuronal development to tumor invasion.

Oncogenic BRAF-Mediated Melanoma Cell Invasion.

Melanoma patients with oncogenic BRAF(V600E) mutation have poor prognoses. While the role of BRAF(V600E) in tumorigenesis is well established, its involvement in metastasis that is clinically observed in melanoma patients remains a topic of debate. Here, we show that BRAF(V600E) melanoma cells have extensive invasion activity as assayed by the generation of F-actin and cortactin foci that mediate membrane protrusion, and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Metal-free sp(3) C-H functionalization: a novel approach for the syntheses of selenide ethers and thioesters from methyl arenes.

A DTBP-promoted metal-free and solvent-free formation of C-Se and C-S bonds through sp(3) C-H functionalization of methyl arenes with diselenides and disulfides is described.

Exo70 isoform switching upon epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediates cancer cell invasion.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important developmental process hijacked by cancer cells for their dissemination. Here, we show that Exo70, a component of the exocyst complex, undergoes isoform switching mediated by ESRP1, a pre-mRNA splicing factor that regulates EMT. Expression of the epithelial isoform of Exo70 affects the levels of key EMT transcriptional regulators such as Snail and ZEB2 and is sufficient to drive the transition to epithelial phenotypes.