Effect of Oral Posaconazole on Venetoclax Plasma Concentration and its Efficacy in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Background: BCL-2 was the first gene identified to have antiapoptotic effects, and venetoclax is an oral selective BCL-2 inhibitor, which has great potential in the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are not candidates for intensive therapy. Notably, posaconazole, an oral antifungal drug, is also a strong factor that can affect blood venetoclax concentrations. To the best of our knowledge, the relationship between BCL-2 expression, posaconazole, and venetoclax, as well as their influence on treatment efficacy and the prognosis of patients with AML, has not been reported.

Von Willebrand factor exacerbates heart failure through formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.

Background And Aims: Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and characterized by significant co-morbidities and dismal prognosis. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) aggravate inflammation in various cardiovascular diseases; however, their function and mechanism of action in HF pathogenesis remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of a novel VWF-SLC44A2-NET axis in HF progression.

METTL3 regulates M6A methylation-modified EBV-pri-miR-BART3-3p to promote NK/T cell lymphoma growth.

Objective: N6-methyladenosine (M6A) is the most prevalent epigenetic alteration. Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is a key player in the control of M6A modification. Methyltransferase promote the processing of mature miRNA in an M6A-dependent manner, thereby participating in disease occurrence and development.

Clinical Manifestation, Risk Factors, and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Rechallenge of Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Pneumonitis in Patients With Lung Cancer.

Immune-related adverse effects can lead to damage to various systems of the body, checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonitis (CIP) is one of the potentially lethal immune-related adverse effects. However, evidence regarding the risk factors associated with CIP is limited. To timely and accurate identification and prompt treatment of CIP, understanding the risk factors for multimorbidity among diverse study populations becomes crucial.

Blockage of CD72 reduces B cell proliferation in immune thrombocytopenic purpura, involving interleukin 1 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor secretion.

Aim: This study aims to explore the expression and role of CD72 in B lymphocytes in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).

Methods: The expression level of CD72 in B lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry in 18 ITP patients and 19 controls of healthy donor or iron-deficiency anemia patients. B cell proliferation was determined by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation (BrdU) in the culture of 17 ITP patients' and 11 controls' peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNCs).

[Efficacy and Safety of Cladribine-based Intensified Conditioning Regimen in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with High-Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia].

Objective: To investigate the efficacy, safety and the risk factors affecting prognosis of high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated by cladribine-based intensified conditioning regimen.

Methods: The clinical data of 28 patients with high-risk AML treated by cladribine in combination with busulfan plus cyclophosphamide (BuCy) intensified conditioning regimen before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University from October 2016 to June 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The overall survival (OS) rate, cumulative progression-free survival (PFS) rate, relapse rate, non-relapse mortality (NRM), regimen related toxicity (RRT) and risk factors affecting prognosis of the patients were analyzed.

Ruxolitinib for Treatment of Steroid-Refractory Graft-versus-Host Disease: Real-World Data from Chinese Patients.

Background: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a main complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and is a leading cause of non-relapse-related death. Unsatisfactory response to standard first-line therapy with glucocorticoids is a predictor of a poor prognosis in patients with GVHD. Ruxolitinib is a selective Janus kinases 1/2 inhibitor which has been shown to control acute (a) and chronic (c) GVHD while maintaining graft-versus-tumor effects.

Immunotherapy for Tumor Metastasis by Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells via Targeted Microenvironment Regulation and T-Cell Activation.

Effective expansion of T-cells without stimulation and maintenance of their antitumor functions in the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) are still daunting challenges in T-cell-based immunotherapy. Here, we developed biomimetic artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs), ultrathin MnO nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with T-cell activators (anti-CD3/CD28 mAbs, CD), and tumor cell membranes (CMs) for enhanced lung metastasis immunotherapy. The aAPCs, termed CD-MnO@CM, not only efficiently enhanced the expansion and activation of intratumoral CD8 cytotoxic T-cells and dendritic cells after homing to homotypic metastatic tumors but also regulated the TME to facilitate T-cell survival through catalyzing the decomposition of intratumoral HO into O.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs): the role of inflammation and coagulation in COVID-19.

COVID-19 has swept quickly across the world with a worrisome death toll. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome with progressive lung damage, multiple organ failure, and even death. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiologic mechanism of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and hypoxia in three main phases, focused on lung inflammation and thrombosis.

Neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to tissue plasminogen activator resistance in acute ischemic stroke.

Circulating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) resistant to t-PA have not been studied completely although NETs in thrombi may contribute to tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) resistance. This research intended to elucidate whether circulating NETs are associated with t-PA resistance and the underlying mechanism. The levels of NETs were detected in the circulating neutrophils, ischemic brain tissue of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) models.

Microvesicles, blood cells, and endothelial cells mediate phosphatidylserine-related prothrombotic state in patients with periodontitis.

Background: Phosphatidylserine (PS) is essential for inflammation-associated thrombogenesis, but the exact effect of PS on the prothrombotic state in periodontitis is uncertain. This study aimed to determine the PS-related procoagulant state in patients with periodontitis.

Methods: A total of 138 patients with periodontitis were examined compared with 42 healthy controls.

Neutrophil extracellular traps induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines enhance procoagulant activity in NASH patients.

Background: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients are at a high risk of developing venous thromboembolism, with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in procoagulant activity (PCA) in patients with NASH remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the formation of NETs in NASH patients stimulated by specific pro-inflammatory factors.

Aha1 Exhibits Distinctive Dynamics Behavior and Chaperone-Like Activity.

Aha1 is the only co-chaperone known to strongly stimulate the ATPase activity of Hsp90. Meanwhile, besides the well-studied co-chaperone function, human Aha1 has also been demonstrated to exhibit chaperoning activity against stress-denatured proteins. To provide structural insights for a better understanding of Aha1's co-chaperone and chaperone-like activities, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques were used to reveal the unique structure and internal dynamics features of full-length human Aha1.

Analysis and Clinical Characteristics of 23 Cases of Bone Marrow Necrosis.

Background: Bone marrow necrosis (BMN) is a rare secondary disorder of many discrepant neoplastic processes. The etiology is diverse, and malignancy is the most common background disease.

Patients And Methods: Between 2005 and 2019, a total of 23 cases of BMN were detected and analyzed at Zhujiang Hospital and Nanfang Hospital.

Validation of choroidal anastomosis on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging as an imaging biomarker in hemorrhagic moyamoya disease.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between dilation and proliferation and anastomosis of perforating arteries, and intracranial hemorrhage in moyamoya disease (MMD) patients, using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI).

Methods: Adult patients with MMD at advanced stages were prospectively enrolled and underwent HRMRI exams. Dilation and proliferation of the lenticulostriate artery (LSA), medullary artery, and anterior or posterior choroidal arteries (AChA or PChA) were assessed.

Phase I Trial of Fourth-Generation Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Against Relapsed or Refractory B Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas.

Background: The administration of second- or third-generation anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has remarkably improved the survival of patients with relapsed or refractory B cell malignancies. However, there are limited clinical results from fourth-generation CAR-T cell therapy, and the factors affecting response rate and survival have not been fully determined.

Methods: Lymphoma patients with progression or relapse after intensive treatments, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and life expectancy >2 months were enrolled in the study.

Arterial spin labeling-MR may be an alternative to SPECT for evaluating cerebral perfusion in patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis.

Objective: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) mapping of single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) is considered a gold standard for evaluating cerebral perfusion. However, invasiveness, high costs and strict technical requirements can limit its clinical use. We aimed to evaluate the concordance of CBF maps obtained from SPECT and pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance (PCASL-MR) imaging for evaluating cerebral perfusion.

Quantitative susceptibility mapping of carotid plaques using nonlinear total field inversion: Initial experience in patients with significant carotid stenosis.

Purpose: To develop a nonlinear preconditioned total field-inversion algorithm using the MEDI toolbox (MEDInpt) for robust QSM of carotid plaques and evaluate its performance in comparison with a local field-inversion algorithm (STI Suite) previously applied to carotid QSM.

Methods: Numerical simulation and in vivo carotid QSM were performed to compare the MEDInpt and STI Suite algorithms. Multicontrast MRI was used as the reference standard for detecting calcified plaque and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH).

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping for Characterization of Intraplaque Hemorrhage and Calcification in Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease.

Background: Carotid artery intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), an unstable component of atherosclerosis, is associated with an increased risk of stroke.

Purpose: To investigate quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) as a tool for the evaluation of IPH and calcification in vivo.

Study Type: Prospective.

Phosphatidylserine-exposing blood cells, microparticles and neutrophil extracellular traps increase procoagulant activity in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) are at increased risk of venous thrombosis, but the precise mechanisms of hypercoagulable state in PC remain unclear. We aimed to identify how phosphatidylserine positive (PS) blood cells (BCs), PS microparticles (MPs) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) regulate procoagulant activity (PCA) in PC, and to assess the relationship between PCA and PC staging. A total of 83 PC patients with different stages of disease were compared to 30 healthy controls, with confocal microscopy and flow cytometry used to assess MP and cellular PS exposure.

EPS8-mediated regulation of multiple myeloma cell growth and survival.

Epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (EPS8), which acts as an oncoprotein in various carcinomas, is associated with tumor progression. However, its impact on multiple myeloma (MM) has not been determined. Here, we investigate the role of EPS8 in MM and consider the potential of EPS8 as an anti-MM target.