Modeling and dynamic analysis of split torsion transmission system considering backlash and center distance errors.

The split torque gear transmission holds significant potential for use in helicopter main reducer transmission systems due to its benefits of low noise, high power-to-weight ratio, and high reliability. In this context, a nonlinear dynamic equation was formulated in the present study for a single-input dual-output gear split-torque transmission system, and the system's dynamic behavior was examined under the effects of center distance error and backlash using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The findings indicate that the impact of center distance error on the system's dynamics is linear, whereas the effect of backlash is nonlinear.

Sweetened caffeine drinking revealed behavioral rhythm independent of the central circadian clock in male mice.

Caffeine consumption is associated with the evening chronotype, and caffeine administration in mice results in prolonged period of the circadian rhythm in locomotor activity. However, as caffeine is bitter, sweetened caffeine is preferred by humans and mice; yet, its impact on the circadian clock has not been explored. In this study, mice were provided with freely available sweetened caffeine to investigate its effects on behavioral rhythms and peripheral clocks.

Auditory interaction between runners: Does footstep sound affect step frequency of neighboring runners?

This study aimed to investigate the effect of footsteps of a neighboring runner (NR) on the main runner's step frequency (SF), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). The participants were male long-distance runners belonging to a university track and field team. Two experiments were conducted in which the main runner (participant) and NR (examiner) ran with the same running speed on two adjacent treadmills separated by a thin wall.