The impact of vertical fiscal asymmetry on carbon emissions in China.

Facing the double pressure of promoting economic growth and achieving the goal of "emission peak" by 2030, China must cut down the carbon emission intensity. Focusing on the typical characteristics of China's financial system arrangement, we theoretically analyze the mechanism of vertical fiscal asymmetry affecting carbon emission intensity and use a panel data from 30 Chinese provinces to conduct an empirical examination. The results show that (1) vertical fiscal asymmetry significantly increases the local carbon emission intensity.

Clinical Observation of Reduning Combined with Recombinant Human Interferon -2b in the Treatment of Children with Viral Pneumonia.

Purpose: To observe the clinical efficacy of Reduning injection combined with recombinant human interferon -2b spray in the treatment of children with viral pneumonia.

Methods: A total of 200 children with viral pneumonia over 2 years old who were admitted to the Pediatrics Department of the Cangzhou Central Hospital from September 2018 to November 2020 were recruited and randomized into the control group and observation group at a ratio of 1 : 1, with 100 cases in each group. The children in the control group were given recombinant human interferon -2b spray, and the children in the observation group were given Reduning injection on the basis of the control group.

The effects of acute hypervolemic hemodilution and conventional infusion in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy patients.

Objective: To compare the effect of acute hypervolemic hemodilution and conventional infusion in prostate cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomies.

Methods: A total of 87 patients with prostate cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomies in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were randomly divided into a control group (the CNG, n=43, conventional infusion) and an observation group (the OG, n=44, acute hypervolemic hemodilution).

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: An Innovative Method for the Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer.

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy due to the late diagnoses at advanced stages, drug resistance and the high recurrence rate. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new techniques to diagnose and monitor ovarian cancer patients. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has great potential in the diagnosis of this disease, as well as the real-time monitoring of cancer development and chemoresistance.

Unexpected Deprotonation from a Chemically Inert OH Group Promoted by Metal Ions in Lanthanide-Erythritol Complexes.

Single-crystal structures of five lanthanide-erythritol complexes are reported. The analysis of the chemical compositions and scrutinization of structural features in the single-crystal data of the complexes led us to find that unexpected deprotonation occurs on the OH group of erythritol of three complexes. Considering these complexes were prepared in acidic environments, where spontaneous ionization on an OH group is suppressed, we suggest metal ions play an important role in promoting the proton transfer.

Exciton diffusion in solid solutions of luminescent lanthanide β-diketonates.

In this article, a series of luminescent lanthanide β-diketonate solid solutions, with the formula of TBAEuxM1-x(TTA)4 (TBA = tetrabutylammonium; M = La or Gd; TTA = 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetonate), are synthesized by co-precipitation. In the solid solutions, the emission efficiency of Eu3+ is significantly increased with the presence of non-luminescent chelates TBALa(TTA)4 and TBAGd(TTA)4. Low temperature luminescence spectroscopy studies indicate that the TTA- ligands in these non-luminescent chelates do emit phosphorescence with long lifetime.

Intensity Enhancement of a Two-Dimensional Asynchronous Spectrum Without Noise Level Fluctuation Escalation Using a One-Dimensional Spectra Sequence Change.

Previously, we demonstrated that the intensities of cross-peaks in a two-dimensional asynchronous spectrum could be enhanced using sequence change of the corresponding one-dimensional spectra. This unusual approach becomes useful when the determination of the sequential order of physicochemical events is not essential. However, it was not known whether the level of noise in the two-dimensional asynchronous spectrum was also escalated as the sequence of one-dimensional spectra changed.

The effects of emission trading system on corporate innovation and productivity-empirical evidence from China's SO emission trading system.

Emission trading system is a significant market-based environmental regulation tool worldwide. This study fills existing knowledge gap on whether ETSs have "weak" and "strong" version of Porter hypothesis effects in China, by examining the effects of the Chinese SO emission trading on corporate innovation and productivity. Using the micro-data of domestic-listed manufacturing companies from 2004 to 2015, this study regarded China's SO emission trading system as a quasi-natural experiment by applying a difference-in-difference framework to eliminate endogenous problems.

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Monitoring of Dihydroartemisinin-Induced Growth Inhibition in Ovarian Cancer Cells and Normal Ovarian Surface Epithelial Cells.

Purpose: Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of gynecological malignancies. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a derivative of artemisinin (ARS), has profound effects against human tumors. The aim of this study was to provide a convenient, cost-efficient technique, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, to monitor and evaluate responses to DHA-induced growth inhibition of ovarian cancer cells.

Sample-Sample Correlation Asynchronous Spectroscopic Method Coupled with Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares To Analyze Challenging Bilinear Data.

An approach to construct a secondary asynchronous spectrum via sample-sample correlation (SASS) is proposed to analyze bilinear data from hyphenated spectroscopic experiments. In SASS, bilinear data is used to construct a series of two-dimensional (2D) sample-sample correlation spectra. Then a vertical slice is extracted from each 2D sample-sample correlation spectrum so that a secondary 2D asynchronous spectrum is constructed via these slices.

A novel systematic absence of cross peaks-based 2D-COS approach for bilinear data.

A novel approach to use two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) to analyze bilinear data is proposed. A phenomenon called Systematic Absence of Cross Peaks (SACPs) is observed in a 2D asynchronous spectrum. Two theorems relevant to SACPs have been derived.

A Novel Approach Based on Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy to Determine the Stoichiometric Ratio of Two Substances Involved in Intermolecular Interactions.

A novel technique called AOSD@Job's, combining asynchronous orthogonal sample design scheme (AOSD) with Job's method, is proposed to estimate the stoichiometric ratio of two substances that form a supramolecular aggregate under intermolecular interactions. First, a mathematical analysis was performed along with the procedure of the AOSD@Job's method. Then, the validity of the AOSD@Job's method was manifested by computer simulation on two model systems.

Design of a Novel Apparatus to Enrich Analytes via a Diffuse-Evaporation Process for HPLC-FTIR Analysis.

HPLC-FTIR analysis using a novel apparatus with CuO powder as an interface is reported. This apparatus initially serves as a reservoir for the dilute eluted solution of HPLC, and then acts as an enrichment device by combining diffusion and evaporation processes. It can be used not only to effectively remove the mobile phase of the eluted solution, but also to enrich the analyte within a tiny spatially resolved separated sample spot whose size is suitable for obtaining spectra using an FTIR microscope.

Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopic studies on coordination between organic ligands and Ni ions.

A→T(P) transition band of Ni is used to probe the coordination of Ni. Two-dimensional asynchronous spectra (2DCOS) are generated using the Double Asynchronous Orthogonal Sample Design (DAOSD), Asynchronous Spectrum with Auxiliary Peaks (ASAP) and Two-Trace Two-Dimensional (2T2D) approaches. Cross peaks relevant to the A→T(P) transition band of Ni are utilized to probe coordination between Ni and various ligands.

Novel Method of Constructing Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy without Subtracting a Reference Spectrum.

In this study, we propose a new approach to generate two-dimension spectra to enhance the intensity of cross peaks relevant to intermolecular interaction. We investigate intermolecular interaction between two solutes (denoted as P and Q, where P has a characteristic peak at X) dissolved in the same solvent via the near diagonal cross peaks around the coordinate (X, X) in a two-dimensional (2D) asynchronous spectrum of generalized spectroscopy. Because of physical constrains in many cases, the variation ranges of the initial concentrations of P or Q must be kept very narrow, leading to very weak cross peak intensities.

Investigation on the Behavior of Noise in Asynchronous Spectra in Generalized Two-Dimensional (2D) Correlation Spectroscopy and Application of Butterworth Filter in the Improvement of Signal-to-Noise Ratio of 2D Asynchronous Spectra.

The behavior of noise in asynchronous spectrum in generalized two-dimensional (2D) correlation spectroscopy is investigated. Mathematical analysis on the noise of 2D spectra and computer simulation on a model system show that the fluctuation of noise in a 2D asynchronous spectrum can be characterized by the standard deviation of noise in 1D spectra. Furthermore, a new approach to improve a signal-to-noise ratio of 2D asynchronous spectrum by a Butterworth filter is developed.

Investigation on intermolecular interaction between berberine and β-cyclodextrin by 2D UV-Vis asynchronous spectra.

The interaction between berberine chloride and β-cyclodextrin (β-CyD) is investigated via 2D asynchronous UV-Vis spectrum. The occurrence of cross peaks around (420nm, 420nm) in 2D asynchronous spectrum reveals that specific intermolecular interaction indeed exists between berberine chloride and β-CyD. In spite of the difficulty caused by overlapping of cross peaks, we manage to confirm that the 420nm band of berberine undergoes a red-shift, and its bandwidth decreases under the interaction with β-CyD.

Investigation on the relationship between solubility of artemisinin and polyvinylpyrroli done addition by using DAOSD approach.

In this work, we investigated the influence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the solubility of artemisinin in aqueous solution by using quantitative H NMR. Experimental results demonstrate that about 4 times of incremental increase occurs on the solubility of artemisinin upon introducing PVP. In addition, dipole-dipole interaction between the ester group of artemisinin and the amide group of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), a model compound of PVP, is characterized by two-dimensional (2D) correlation FTIR spectroscopy with the DAOSD (Double Asynchronous Orthogonal Sample Design) approach developed in our previous work.

Use of CuO Particles as an Interface in LC-FTIR Analysis.

In this study, the feasibility of using copper oxide (CuO) as an interface for the coupling of liquid chromatography (LC) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was investigated. CuO exhibits low absorption in the 4000 to 1000 cm FTIR spectral region. In addition, LC-FTIR using CuO as the interface was extended to the analysis of sample mixtures containing benzamide and dioctyl sebacate; both analytes were successfully separated.

[On the Tributylphosphate-Based Super-Concentrated HCl System].

We reported a new super-concentrated hydrochloric acid system prepared by using tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP)-constructed reversed micelles at ambient temperature and pressure. According to the titration result, the molar ratio of H+ to H2O (denoted as nH+/nH2O) in the super-concentrated HCl range from 0.50 to 1.

Design of a New Concentration Series for the Orthogonal Sample Design Approach and Estimation of the Number of Reactions in Chemical Systems.

A new concentration series is proposed for the construction of a two-dimensional (2D) synchronous spectrum for orthogonal sample design analysis to probe intermolecular interaction between solutes dissolved in the same solutions. The obtained 2D synchronous spectrum possesses the following two properties: (1) cross peaks in the 2D synchronous spectra can be used to reflect intermolecular interaction reliably, since interference portions that have nothing to do with intermolecular interaction are completely removed, and (2) the two-dimensional synchronous spectrum produced can effectively avoid accidental collinearity. Hence, the correct number of nonzero eigenvalues can be obtained so that the number of chemical reactions can be estimated.

[Influence of Concentration Sequence on the Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Cross Peaks of 2D Asynchronous Spectra Generated by Using the DAOSD Approach].

In the present work, computer simulation was performed on a model chemical system where two solutes (denoted as P and Q, respectively) are dissolved in the same solution. Under intermolecular interaction between P and Q, part of P undergoes subtle structural variation and converts into U while part of Q converts into V. The strength of intermolecular interaction can be characterized by the corresponding equilibrium constant K.

[Studies on carbonization of saccharides by using aqueous solution of various acids].

The authors tried to establish an approach to use acids to convert biomass into a fuel with higher carbon content and lower oxygen content in a zero-energy-consumption fashion. Considering that biomass is composed of monosaccharide, we used aqueous solutions of variation acids including hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid to treat 2-deoxy-ribose and fructose at ambient temperature and pressure. Black substances were produced after a period of time when 2-deoxy-ribose and fructose were mixed with aqueous solutions containing 8 mol · L(-1) acids.

Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy monitoring of 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis in SW620 colon cancer cells.

Colon cancer is associated with a high incidence and a poor prognosis. The aim of the present study was to determine whether Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy can be used to monitor the chemotherapy drug‑induced apoptosis of SW620 colon cancer cells. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 5‑fluorouracil (5‑FU), the main chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of colorectal cancer, was determined as the inhibition of growth of the SW620 cells using an MTT assay.