Comparison and clinical analysis of antibiotics and endoscopic injection for vesicoureteral reflux in children.

Purpose: This study evaluated the outcome of pediatric patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and compared of the treatments between continued antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) and endoscopic injection.

Methods: The clinical data of children diagnosed with primary vesicoureteral reflux from March 2015 to June 2020 who were treated with antibiotics or endoscopic injection were reviewed. Antibiotic was the first-chosen treatment after the diagnosis of VUR in children.

Exploring the neuroprotective role of artesunate in mouse models of anti-NMDAR encephalitis: insights from molecular mechanisms and transmission electron microscopy.

Background: The pathway involving PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and PARKIN plays a crucial role in mitophagy, a process activated by artesunate (ART). We propose that patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis exhibit insufficient mitophagy, and ART enhances mitophagy via the PINK1/PARKIN pathway, thereby providing neuroprotection.

Methods: Adult female mice aged 8-10 weeks were selected to create a passive transfer model of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

IRAK-M Plays A Role in the Pathology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Through Suppressing the Activation of Microglia.

Microglial activation plays a crucial role in the disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Interleukin receptor-associated kinases-M (IRAK-M) is an important negative regulatory factor in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway during microglia activation, and its mechanism in this process is still unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of IRAK-M and its protective effects for motor neurons in SOD1-G93A mouse model of ALS.

Low Expression of PALB2 is Associated With Poor Survival in Chinese Women With Primary Breast Cancer.

Background: PALB2 plays a crucial role in genome stability and the DNA repair process, and its mutation is associated with a moderate to high risk of breast cancer. However, the status and prognostic role of PALB2 expression in breast cancer are still unclear.

Materials And Methods: The expression level of PALB2 mRNA was evaluated by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in core biopsy samples from 563 primary breast cancer tissues.

Spontaneous ventilation anesthesia combined with uniportal and tubeless thoracoscopic sympathectomy in selected patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis.

Background: To assess the feasibility and safety of tubeless video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy (VATS) with a single 5 mm port under nonintubated, intravenous anesthesia with spontaneous ventilation in selected patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PPH).

Methods: Adults (aged between 18 and 60 years) with moderate or severe PPH symptoms were enrolled. Demographic information and clinical data were obtained from 172 consecutive patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery for PPH from March 2014 to December 2020.

[Effects of Different Water Stratification on the Vertical Distribution of Nitrogen in Sediment Interstitial Waters: A Case Study of the Three Gorges Reservoir and Xiaowan Reservoir].

To determine the reasons for the variation in the vertical distribution of nitrogen in sediment interstitial waters between different stratified reservoirs, the characteristics of overlying water-interstitial water in Xiangxi Bay, Yangtze River mainstream, and Xiaowan Reservoir were monitored. The vertical distribution of nitrogen in sediment interstitial waters in these different stratified waters were then analyzed, and the reasons for the variation in this distribution were assessed. The results showed:① the (TN) in the sediment interstitial waters of the Yangtze River mainstream and Xiangxi Bay gradually increased with depth, while that of Xiaowan Reservoir reached its maximum at 12 cm and the bottom layer presented a "C" distribution.

Predictors of Primary Functional Maturation of Autogenous Radiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in a Cohort of Asian Patients.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of autogenous radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (RCAVF) maturation.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing RCAVF creation from June 2013 to December 2018 at a single medical center. Comparison of the variables between the matured and nonmatured group was performed.

Laparoscopic sphincter-saving surgery for low rectal cancer through marker meeting approach.

Laparoscopic low anterior resection (LAR) with sphincter preservation for ultra-low rectal cancer is always a challenging operation in colorectal surgery. To achieve negative margins, reducing the difficulty and risks of the procedure are major goals for us. The marker meeting approach we reported can help to accomplish this goal.

Laparoscopic repair of multiple incisional hernias in a single midline incision by double composite mesh.

Laparoscopic repair of ventral incisional hernia with intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) technique by anti-adhesion mesh has been widely adopted. Due to clinical heterogenicity in location, quantity and size of abdominal incisional hernia, strategy of such repair can be challenging. We hereby present the video of a patient with multiple swiss-cheese hernias in a single long midline incision repaired with double anti-adhesion mesh by IPOM technique.