Assessing the particulate matter emission reduction characteristics of small turbofan engine fueled with 100 % HEFA sustainable aviation fuel.

With the continuous increase in global air transportation, the impact of ultrafine particulate matter (PM) emissions from aviation on human health and environmental pollution is becoming increasingly severe. In addition to carbon reduction throughout the lifecycle, Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) also represent a significant pathway for reducing PM emissions. However, due to issues such as airworthiness safety and adaptability, existing research has mostly focused on the emission performance of SAF when blended with traditional fuels at <50 %, leaving the emission characteristics of higher blending ratios to be explored.

Fine Structure in Isotopic Peak Distributions Measured Using Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry: A Comparison between an Infinity ICR Cell and a Dynamically Harmonized ICR Cell.

The fine structure of isotopic peak distributions of glutathione in mass spectra is measured using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) at 12 and 15 T magnetic field, with an infinity cell and a dynamically harmonized cell (DHC) respectively. The resolved peaks in the fine structure of glutathione consist of H, C, N, O, O, S, S, S, and combinations of them. The positions of the measured fine structure peaks agree with the simulated isotopic distributions with the mass error less than 250 ppb in broadband mode for the infinity cell and no more than 125 ppb with the DHC after internal calibration.

PM-bound silicon-containing secondary organic aerosols (Si-SOA) in Beijing ambient air.

Volatile methyl siloxanes (VMS) have been widely used in personal care products and industrial applications, and are an important component of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) indoors. They have sufficiently long lifetimes to undergo long-range transport and to form secondary aerosols through atmospheric oxidation. To investigate these silicon-containing secondary organic aerosols (Si-SOA), we collected PM samples during 8th-21st August 2018 (summer) and 3rd-23rd January 2019 (winter) at an urban site of Beijing.

Atmospheric conditions and composition that influence PM oxidative potential in Beijing, China.

Epidemiological studies have consistently linked exposure to PM with adverse health effects. The oxidative potential (OP) of aerosol particles has been widely suggested as a measure of their potential toxicity. Several acellular chemical assays are now readily employed to measure OP; however, uncertainty remains regarding the atmospheric conditions and specific chemical components of PM that drive OP.

Size-resolved source apportionment of particulate matter from a megacity in northern China based on one-year measurement of inorganic and organic components.

This research apportioned size-resolved particulate matter (PM) contributions in a megacity in northern China based on a full year of measurements of both inorganic and organic markers. Ions, elements, carbon fractions, n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hopanes and steranes in 9 p.m.

Characteristics and source attribution of PM during 2016 G20 Summit in Hangzhou: Efficacy of radical measures to reduce source emissions.

A field campaign was conducted to study the PM and atmospheric gases and aerosol's components to evaluate the efficacy of radical measures implemented by the Chinese government to improve air quality during the 2016 G20 Summit in Hangzhou China. The lower level of PM (32.48 ± 11.

A review on analysis methods, source identification, and cancer risk evaluation of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have gained attention because of their environmental persistence and effects on ecosystems, animals, and human health. They are mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic. The review provides background knowledge about their sources, metabolism, temporal variations, and size distribution in atmospheric particulate matter.

Abrupt but smaller than expected changes in surface air quality attributable to COVID-19 lockdowns.

The COVID-19 lockdowns led to major reductions in air pollutant emissions. Here, we quantitatively evaluate changes in ambient NO, O, and PM concentrations arising from these emission changes in 11 cities globally by applying a deweathering machine learning technique. Sudden decreases in deweathered NO concentrations and increases in O were observed in almost all cities.

Characteristics, sources, and health risks of PM-bound trace elements in representative areas of Northern Zhejiang Province, China.

This study aimed to characterize PM-bound trace elements in Northern Zhejiang Province (NZP), one of the most economically prosperous regions in China, and assess the associated health risks for the general populations. A year-long sampling campaign was conducted at four sites representative of urban, suburban, and rural areas of NZP. The average of the sum of twenty trace elements in PM was 2.

Insights into air pollution chemistry and sulphate formation from nitrous acid (HONO) measurements during haze events in Beijing.

Wintertime urban air pollution in many global megacities is characterised by episodic rapid increase in particulate matter concentrations associated with elevated relative humidity - so-called haze episodes, which have become characteristic of cities such as Beijing. Atmospheric chemistry within haze combines gas- and condensed-phase chemical processes, leading to the growth in secondary species such as sulphate aerosols. Here, we integrate observations of reactive gas phase species (HONO, OH, NO) and time-resolved aerosol composition, to explore observational constraints on the mechanisms responsible for sulphate growth during the onset of haze events.

An evaluation of source apportionment of fine OC and PM by multiple methods: APHH-Beijing campaigns as a case study.

This study aims to critically evaluate the source apportionment of fine particles by multiple receptor modelling approaches, including carbon mass balance modelling of filter-based radiocarbon (C) data, Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis on filter-based chemical speciation data, and PMF analysis on Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS-PMF) or Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM-PMF) data. These data were collected as part of the APHH-Beijing (Atmospheric Pollution and Human Health in a Chinese Megacity) field observation campaigns from 10 November to 12 December in winter 2016 and from 22 May to 24 June in summer 2017. C analysis revealed the predominant contribution of fossil fuel combustion to carbonaceous aerosols in winter compared with non-fossil fuel sources, which is supported by the results from other methods.

Biomass burning and fungal spores as sources of fine aerosols in Yangtze River Delta, China - Using multiple organic tracers to understand variability, correlations and origins.

Research is restricted regarding impacts of biomass burning (BB) on fine aerosol (PM), due mainly to lack of specific BB tracers. This study aims to characterize the variability, distributions, and contributions of BB and fungal spores as sources of PM using a multiple organic tracer approach. PM samples were collected at four representative sites in Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China every 6 days for one year.

Simultaneous measurement of multiple organic tracers in fine aerosols from biomass burning and fungal spores by HPLC-MS/MS.

Three monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs: levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan) and sugar alcohols (arabitol and mannitol) are widely used as organic tracers for source identification of aerosols emitted from biomass burning and fungal spores, respectively. In the past, these two types of organic tracer have been measured separately or conjointly using different analytical techniques, with which a number of disadvantages have been experienced during the application to environmental aerosol samples, including organic solvent involved extraction, time-consuming derivatization, or poor separation efficiency due to overlapping peaks, Hence, in this study a more environment-friendly, effective and integrated extraction and analytical method has been developed for simultaneous determination of the above mentioned organic tracers in the same aerosol sample using ultrasonication and high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The ultrasonication assisted extraction process using ultrapure water can achieve satisfactory recoveries in the range of 100.

[Characteristics and Source Analysis of Atmospheric Carbonaceous Aerosols in the Cities of Hangzhou and Ningbo].

To investigate the seasonal variations and sources of carbonaceous aerosols in the cities of Hangzhou and Ningbo, field PM sampling was conducted at four representative sites (two urban, one suburban, and one rural) in this region from December 2014 to November 2015. A thermal/optical carbon analyzer was employed to analyze both organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) contents in PM by identifying eight different carbon fractions, including OC1, OC2, OC3, OC4+OPC, EC1-OPC, EC2, and EC3. Based on these fractions, OC and EC were defined as OC1+OC2+OC3+OC4+OPC and EC1+EC2+EC3-OPC, respectively; total carbon (TC) was calculated as the sum of OC and EC; and total carbonaceous aerosols (TCAs) were quantified via the sum of organic aerosols (OAs; converted from OC) and EC.

Temporal and spatial variation in major ion chemistry and source identification of secondary inorganic aerosols in Northern Zhejiang Province, China.

To investigate the seasonal and spatial variations of ion chemistry of fine particles in Northern Zhejiang Province (NZP), China, one year-long field sampling was conducted at four representative sites (two urban, one suburb, and one rural sites) in both cities of Hangzhou and Ningbo from December 2014 to November 2015. Twelve water soluble inorganic ions (WSII) were characterized in this comprehensive study. The annual average of PM concentration in NZP as overall was 66.

Could wastewater analysis be a useful tool for China? - A review.

Analysing wastewater samples is an innovative approach that overcomes many limitations of traditional surveys to identify and measure a range of chemicals that were consumed by or exposed to people living in a sewer catchment area. First conceptualised in 2001, much progress has been made to make wastewater analysis (WWA) a reliable and robust tool for measuring chemical consumption and/or exposure. At the moment, the most popular application of WWA, sometimes referred as sewage epidemiology, is to monitor the consumption of illicit drugs in communities around the globe, including China.

Comparison of physical and chemical properties of ambient aerosols during the 2009 haze and non-haze periods in Southeast Asia.

Recurrent smoke-haze episodes that occur in Southeast Asia (SEA) are of much concern because of their environmental and health impacts. These haze episodes are mainly caused by uncontrolled biomass and peat burning in Indonesia. Airborne particulate matter (PM) samples were collected in the southwest coast of Singapore from 16 August to 9 November in 2009 to assess the impact of smoke-haze episodes on the air quality due to the long-range transport of biomass and peat burning emissions.