Investigation of Efficient Pullulan Synthesis Utilizing Huangjiu Lees as a Substrate.

Pullulan is a high-value biopolymer synthesized by through the fermentation of starch and sugars. It finds extensive applications in food, packaging, biomedicine, and other sectors. However, the high production costs significantly limit the development and application of pullulan.

Transcriptome Analysis of YQ65 Grown on Yeast Extract Peptone Glucose and Potato Dextrose Agar Media and Quantification of Their Effects on Pullulan Production.

Pullulan is a high-value polysaccharide produced through the fermentation of . It has significant applications in the fields of food, medicine, environmental science, and packaging. However, the yield, molecular weight, and other characteristics of pullulan can vary depending on the fermentation substrate used.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Variations in Enzyme Production of A22 under Different Temperatures.

is a key microorganism in the fermentation of traditional fermented foods, capable of producing saccharifying and liquefying enzymes at elevated temperatures. However, the specific mechanisms and regulatory pathways governing 's response to ambient temperatures are not yet fully understood. In this study, the morphological differences in screened from traditional handmade wheat Qu at different temperatures were initially explored.

Changes in inflammatory factors in the Brown Norway rat model of food allergy.

Background: The role of serum S100A8/A9 in intestinal inflammation has been confirmed, and its role in food allergy is currently being investigated.

Objective: To explore the levels of S100A8/A9 and inflammatory factors, including Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4), Nuclear transcription factors (NF-κB) and Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), in mild food allergies.

Methods: Eighty 3-week-old male Brown Norway rats were used.

Sex differences in the application of WHO standards to Shanghai infants from birth to 18 months.

Background: The number of obese children in Shanghai has increased annually. Shanghai growth standards are higher than the World Health Organization's (WHO's) growth standards, which may influence caregiver feeding practices and enhance the risk of overweight in infants.

Method: A cluster-randomized controlled trial analysed 15,019 infants (healthy newborns, ≥3 clinical consultations in one year) from 19 community health service centers in two urban areas in Shanghai.

Effects of dietary intervention on vitamin B status and cognitive level of 18-month-old toddlers in high-poverty areas: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Background: The local diet in high-poverty areas in China is mainly vegetarian, and children may be more vulnerable to vitamin B deficiency.

Objective: The aims of this study were to explore the vitamin B status of toddlers living in high-poverty areas of China and to observe the effects of different complementary foods on the vitamin B status and cognitive level of these toddlers.

Methods: The study was nested within a cluster-randomized controlled trial implemented in 60 administrative villages (clusters) of Xichou County in which infants aged 6 months old were randomized to receive 50 g/d of pork (meat group), an equi-caloric fortified cereal supplement (fortified cereal group) or local cereal supplement (local cereal group) for one year.

Linear growth failure induced by systemic inflammation inhibiting IGF-1/IGFBP axis in rats with asymptomatic colitis.

Background: Children in poor areas show significant growth retardation that does not improve with an adequate supply of energy and nutrients, which may be related to asymptomatic intestinal infection caused by poor sanitation. Our objective was to explore the mechanism of intestinal inflammation inhibiting growth in the setting of asymptomatic colitis.

Methods: Forty-eight 3-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, colitis group (with asymptomatic colitis induced by 2.

Comparison of the effects of different growth standards on infants in Urban Shanghai: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Background: The Shanghai growth standards are higher than World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards, which may influence the feeding practices of the caregivers and increase the risk of overweight in these infants. This study aimed to compare the effects of different growth standards on childhood obesity in Shanghai metropolitan area.

Methods: This was a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted in 2 downtown areas with 19 community health service centers in Shanghai from November 2013 to December 2015.

Lack of Dietary Diversity Contributes to the Gaps in Micronutrient Status and Physical Development between Urban and Rural Infants.

Background: Although the prevalence of malnutrition among Chinese infants has decreased, micronutrient deficiency is still common. This study aimed to describe and compare the status of micronutrient deficiency and its association with dietary variety and socio-demographic features among infants from urban and rural China.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 1200 children aged 18-month-old from rural villages in Yunnan and an urban city in Shanghai.

Upregulation of calprotectin in mild IgE-mediated ovalbumin hypersensitivity.

Calprotectin, also known as S100A8/A9, has been linked to gut inflammation caused by IgE-mediated food hypersensitivities, but the pathophysiologic abnormalities it causes remain to be determined. We created a mild food hypersensitivity model through oral gavage of ovalbumin in Norway brown rats without using immune adjuvant. Changes in the levels of calprotectin and inflammation-associated cytokines were then observed over time.

The Effect of Iron Fortification on Iron (Fe) Status and Inflammation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is common in toddlers in developing countries. Iron fortified or meat-based complementary foods may be effective to prevent ID.

Objective: Our objective was to compare iron status at 18 months and growth from 6 to 18 months in rural poor toddlers fed 3 different complementary foods.

[Establishment of a rat model of oral food allergy].

Objective: To establish a food allergy model in Brown Norway (BN) rats by gavage of ovalbumin (OVA) without any adjuvant, and to evaluate this model.

Methods: A total of 20 male BN rats aged 3 weeks were randomly divided into allergy group and control group (n=10 each). BN rats in the allergy group were given OVA 1 mg per day by gavage, and all the rats were treated for 41 days continuously.

Vitamin D Insufficiency and Its Association with Biochemical and Anthropometric Variables of Young Children in Rural Southwestern China.

Background: With recognition of the important roles of Vitamin D (VitD) in various physiological processes, increasing attention has been drawn to the status of VitD in early life. However, the VitD status of young children and the related factors in rural areas of Southwestern China remain unclear. This study aimed to explore VitD status and its seasonal variation in 18-month-old children living in rural Southwestern China.

Association between feeding practices and weight status in young children.

Background: Inappropriate feeding practices during infancy may lead to overweight. The aims of this study are to investigate the growth of children in the first 18 months of life; to evaluate the feeding practices of caregivers using developed Young Child Feeding Questionnaire; and to investigate caregivers' feeding attitudes and behaviors associated with infants' weight status.

Methods: Six month-old infants and their main caregivers entering the Kongjiang Community Health Center for a routine well-child check were recruited for this study and followed up every 6 months for 12 months.

Fecal calprotectin concentrations in healthy children aged 1-18 months.

Objective: Fecal calprotectin (FC) is an established biomarker of gut inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate FC concentrations in healthy children between 1 and 18 months of age.

Methods: Healthy children aged 1-18 months were enrolled in this study at the Department of Children's Health Care in Shanghai, China.

Comparison of the different kinds of feeding on the level of fecal calprotectin.

Background: Controversial results have been reported on the effect of type of feeding on the level of fecal calprotectin in infants.

Objective: To assess fecal calprotectin levels in breast fed or nonbreast fed healthy infants.

Design: A study was conducted to compare fecal calprotectin in infants who were exclusively breastfed compared to those who were not breastfed in Shanghai, China.

A summary index of infant and child feeding practices is associated with child growth in urban Shanghai.

Background: Recently, an infant and child feeding index (ICFI) constructed on brief recalls of breastfeeding, feeding frequency and food diversification was assumed to provide long-term prediction about child feeding practices. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the cross-sectional ICFI (CS-ICFI) or longitudinal ICFI (L-ICFI) and child anthropometric indices in downtown Shanghai, China.

Methods: The prospective cohort study included 180 infants aged 5-7 mo with their main caregivers who were visited 3 times every 6 months over 12 months.

Feeding and growth of normal birth weight infants during the first year of life in Shanghai.

Aim: This study aimed to explore the relationship between infant feeding practices and growth outcomes in the first 12 months of life.

Design: Investigators completed 262 questionnaires, which included infant feeding patterns, feeding environment, feeding beliefs/attitudes and caregivers' feeding behaviors through on-site face-to-face interviews with the main caregivers of infants at 12 months of age. The infant's weight and length at ages 6 and 12 months were measured.

[Intestinal inflammation-induced child growth failure: immunologic and endocrine mechanisms].

Faltering linear growth is commonly encountered in children with intestinal inflammation. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are important regulators of postnatal longitudinal bone growth. Inhibition of GH/IGF axis will result in growth failure in young children.