Silicon regulation of manganese homeostasis in plants: mechanisms and future prospective.

Manganese (Mn), a plant micronutrient element, is an important component of metalloprotein involved in multiple metabolic processes, such as photosynthesis and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Its disorder (deficiency or excess) affects the Mn-dependent metabolic processes and subsequent growth and development of plants. The beneficial element of Si has a variety of applications in agricultural fields for plant adaptation to various environmental stresses, including Mn disorder.

Adipocyte-derived CXCL10 in obesity promotes the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells.

Background: As a widespread epidemic, obesity poses a significant risk to health and leads to physiological abnormalities, including diabetes mellitus and inflammation. Obesity-induced inflammation can accelerate the development of various cancers; however, the role of obesity in the migration of ovarian carcinoma is still unclear.

Results: Twenty-four commonly upregulated genes were identified from single-cell RNA sequencing datasets of both ovarian carcinoma and adipose tissue of obese humans, with the chemokine CXCL10 showing a significant increase in adipose tissues associated with obesity.

Regulation of thermodynamics and kinetics of silica nucleation during the silicification process in higher plants.

The formation mechanism of SiO aggregates is controversial because two contrasting hypotheses are often proposed to explain plant silicification. In this review, we summarize the physicochemical fundamentals of amorphous silica nucleation and discuss how plants regulate the process of silicification by influencing the thermodynamics and kinetics of silica nucleation. At silicification positions, plants overcome the thermodynamic barrier by establishing the supersaturation of the HSiO solution and reducing the interfacial free energy.

Leaf physiological and anatomical responses of two sympatric species to temperature.

and are two endangered orchid species, with high ornamental and conservation values. They are sympatric species, but their leaf anatomical traits and flowering period have significant differences. However, it is unclear whether the differences in leaf structure of the two species will affect their adaptabilities to temperature.

Mycorrhizal Fungal Partners Remain Constant during a Root Lifecycle of (Orchidaceae).

Mycorrhizal mutualisms are vital for orchids through germination to adulthood. Fungal species diversity and community composition vary across seasons and plant development stages and affect plant survival, adaptation, and community maintenance. Knowledge of the temporal turnover of mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) remains poorly understood in the eco-physiologically diverse orchids (especially in epiphytic orchids), although it is important to understand the function and adaptation of mycorrhizae.

Allometry Between Vegetative and Reproductive Traits in Orchids.

In flowering plants, inflorescence characteristics influence both seed set and pollen contribution, while inflorescence and peduncle size can be correlated with biomass allocation to reproductive organs. Peduncles also play a role in water and nutrient supply of flowers, and mechanical support. However, it is currently unclear whether inflorescence size is correlated with peduncle size.

Leafless epiphytic orchids share Ceratobasidiaceae mycorrhizal fungi.

Some epiphytic orchids in the tribe Vandeae are characterized by extremely vestigial leaves (even leafless). Thus, their leaves provide only a small proportion of carbon required for their growth and development, while a large portion of carbon may need to be supplied by their roots and mycorrhizal fungi (MF). The MF richness and composition of leafless epiphytic orchids, which belong to numerous genera with diverse ecophysiologies and wide geographical ranges, remain poorly understood.

Different Strategies for Photosynthetic Regulation under Fluctuating Light in Two Sympatric Species.

Fluctuating light can cause selective photoinhibition of photosystem I (PSI) in angiosperms. Cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI and electron flux from water via the electron transport chain to oxygen (the water-water cycle) play important roles in coping with fluctuating light in angiosperms. However, it is unclear whether plant species in the same genus employ the same strategy to cope with fluctuating light.

Floral Longevity of and Is Associated With Floral Morphology.

Floral longevity (FL) is an important trait influencing plant reproductive success by affecting the chance of insect pollination. However, it is still unclear which factors affect FL, and whether FL is evolutionarily associated with structural traits. Since construction costs and water loss by transpiration play a role in leaf longevity, we speculated that floral structures may affect the maintenance and loss of water in flowers and, therefore, FL.