Investigating the causal relationship between inflammation and multiple types of hearing loss: a multi-omics approach combining Mendelian randomization and molecular docking.

Background: Hearing loss affects over 10% of the global population. Inflammation is a key factor in hearing loss caused by noise, infection, and aging, damaging various hearing-related tissues (e.g.

Tracking the gene expression programs and clonal relationships that underlie mast, myeloid, and T lineage specification from stem cells.

T cells develop from hematopoietic progenitors in the thymus and protect against pathogens and cancer. However, the emergence of human T cell-competent blood progenitors and their subsequent specification to the T lineage have been challenging to capture in real time. Here, we leveraged a pluripotent stem cell differentiation system to understand the transcriptional dynamics and cell fate restriction events that underlie this critical developmental process.

In Situ Nanoconfinement Catalysis for Highly Efficient Redox Transformation.

The rapid reduction of Cr(VI) across a wide pH range, from acidic to alkaline pH conditions to stable Cr(III) species for efficient remediation of Cr(VI) pollution, has long been a challenge. Herein, we propose a new concept of nanoconfinement catalysis (NCC) for highly efficient remediation of Cr(VI) by growing nanosheets of layered double hydroxide (LDH) on the surface of Al-Mg-Fe alloy achieving chemical reduction rates of >99% in 1 min from pH 3 to 11 for 100 mg L Cr(VI) with a rate constant of 201 h. In stark contrast, the reduction rate is less than 6% in 12 h with a rate constant of 0.

Area-Time-Efficient Secure Comb Scalar Multiplication Architecture Based on Recoding.

With the development of mobile communication, digital signatures with low latency, low area, and high security are in increasing demand. Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is widely used because of its security and lightweight. Elliptic curve scalar multiplication (ECSM) is the basic arithmetic in ECC.

A [F]FDG PET based nomogram to predict cancer-associated cachexia and survival outcome: A multi-center study.

Objectives: Cancer patients with cachexia face poor prognosis and shortened survival. Early diagnosis and accurate prognosis prediction remain challenging. This multi-center study aims to develop and externally validate a nomogram integrating [F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([F]FDG) PET findings and routine clinical biochemistry tests for predicting cancer-associated cachexia, while also assessing its potential prognostic value.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy based on Schwann cell injury: mechanisms of cell death regulation and therapeutic perspectives.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a complication of diabetes mellitus that lacks specific treatment, its high prevalence and disabling neuropathic pain greatly affects patients' physical and mental health. Schwann cells (SCs) are the major glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, which play an important role in various inflammatory and metabolic neuropathies by providing nutritional support, wrapping axons and promoting repair and regeneration. Increasingly, high glucose (HG) has been found to promote the progression of DPN pathogenesis by targeting SCs death regulation, thus revealing the specific molecular process of programmed cell death (PCD) in which SCs are disrupted is an important link to gain insight into the pathogenesis of DPN.

Flexible Graphene Film-Based Antenna Sensor for Large Strain Monitoring of Steel Structures.

In the field of wireless strain monitoring, it is difficult for the traditional metal-made antenna sensor to conform well with steel structures and monitor large strain deformation. To solve this problem, this study proposes a flexible antenna strain sensor based on a ductile graphene film, which features a 6.7% elongation at break and flexibility due to the microscopic wrinkle structure and layered stacking structure of the graphene film.

Modulating the Active Sites of VS by Mn Doping for Highly Selective CO Electroreduction to Methanol in a Flow Cell.

Methanol is a valuable liquid C product in CO electroreduction (COER); however, it is hard to achieve high selectivity and a large current density simultaneously. In this work, we construct Mn-doped VS multilayer nanowafers applied in a flow cell to yield methanol as a single liquid product to tackle this challenge. Mn doping adjusts the electronic structure of VS and concurrently introduces sulfur vacancies, forming a critical *CO intermediate and facilitating its sequential hydrogenation to methanol.

MARK4 aggravates cardiac dysfunction in mice with STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating ACSL4-mediated myocardial lipid metabolism.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a specific type of cardiomyopathy. In DCM, glucose uptake and utilization are impaired due to insulin deficiency or resistance, and the heart relies more heavily on fatty acid oxidation for energy, resulting in myocardial lipid toxicity-related injury. MARK4 is a member of the AMPK-related kinase family, and improves ischaemic heart failure through microtubule detyrosination.

Discovery of novel benzimidazole derivatives as selective and reversible monoamine oxidase B inhibitors for Parkinson's disease treatment.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The development of novel scaffolds for human monoamine oxidase B (hMAO-B) inhibitors with reversible properties represents an important strategy to improve the efficacy and safety for PD treatment. In the current work, we have devised and assessed two innovative derivative series serving as hMAO-B inhibitors.

Mo-Doped CuS Nanosheet-Assembled Hollow Spheres for CO Electroreduction to Ethanol in a Flow Cell.

Electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction (CORR) to ethanol has been widely researched for potential commercial application. However, it still faces limited selectivity at a large current density. Herein, Mo-doped CuS nanosheet-assembled hollow spheres are constructed to address this issue.

Platelet-rich fibrin as an autologous biomaterial for bone regeneration: mechanisms, applications, optimization.

Platelet-rich fibrin, a classical autologous-derived bioactive material, consists of a fibrin scaffold and its internal loading of growth factors, platelets, and leukocytes, with the gradual degradation of the fibrin scaffold and the slow release of physiological doses of growth factors. PRF promotes vascular regeneration, promotes the proliferation and migration of osteoblast-related cells such as mesenchymal cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts while having certain immunomodulatory and anti-bacterial effects. PRF has excellent osteogenic potential and has been widely used in the field of bone tissue engineering and dentistry.

Secure ECDSA SRAM-PUF Based on Universal Single/Double Scalar Multiplication Architecture.

Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) are crucial for enhancing cybersecurity by providing unique, intrinsic identifiers for electronic devices, thus ensuring their authenticity and preventing unauthorized cloning. The SRAM-PUF, characterized by its simple structure and ease of implementation in various scenarios, has gained widespread usage. The soft-decision Reed-Muller (RM) code, an error correction code, is commonly employed in these designs.

Photodynamic anticancer activity evaluation of novel 5-aminolevulinic acid and 3-hydroxypyridinone conjugates.

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its derivatives, serving as the endogenous precursor of the photosensitizer (PS) protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), successfully applied in tumor imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT). ALA and its derivatives have been used to treat actinic keratosis (AK), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and improve the detection of superficial bladder cancer. However, the high hydrophilicity of ALA and the conversion of PpIX to heme have limited the accumulation of PpIX, hindering the efficiency and potential application of ALA-PDT.

Evaluation of sustainable development capacity of water sources: a case study of China.

The issue of water scarcity has drawn attention from all over the world. The coordination of the interaction between ecological and environmental development of water sources and socio-economic development is currently an essential issue that needs to be solved in order to safeguard the water resources environment for human survival. In this essay, we suggest a paradigm for assessing the sustainable exploitation of water resources.

Lightweight and Real-Time Infrared Image Processor Based on FPGA.

This paper presents an FPGA-based lightweight and real-time infrared image processor based on a series of hardware-oriented lightweight algorithms. The two-point correction algorithm based on blackbody radiation is introduced to calibrate the non-uniformity of the sensor. With precomputed gain and offset matrices, the design can achieve real-time non-uniformity correction with a resolution of 640×480.

Manufacturing of high strength and high conductivity copper with laser powder bed fusion.

Additive manufacturing (AM), known as 3D printing, enables rapid fabrication of geometrically complex copper (Cu) components for electrical conduction and heat management applications. However, pure Cu or Cu alloys produced by 3D printing often suffer from either low strength or low conductivity at room and elevated temperatures. Here, we demonstrate a design strategy for 3D printing of high strength, high conductivity Cu by uniformly dispersing a minor portion of lanthanum hexaboride (LaB) nanoparticles in pure Cu through laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF).

Ultrauniform, strong, and ductile 3D-printed titanium alloy through bifunctional alloy design.

Coarse columnar grains and heterogeneously distributed phases commonly form in metallic alloys produced by three-dimensional (3D) printing and are often considered undesirable because they can impart nonuniform and inferior mechanical properties. We demonstrate a design strategy to unlock consistent and enhanced properties directly from 3D printing. Using Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr as a model alloy, we show that adding molybdenum (Mo) nanoparticles promotes grain refinement during solidification and suppresses the formation of phase heterogeneities during solid-state thermal cycling.

Organo-Pt Complexes for Potent Photodynamic Inactivation of Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria and the Influence of Configuration.

Pt based organometallic photosensitizers (PSs) have emerged as novel potent photodynamic inactivation (PDI) reagents through their enhanced intersystem crossing (ISC) processes. Currently, few Pt PSs have been investigated as antibacterial materials, with relatively poor performances reported and with structure-activity relationships not well described. Herein, a pair of configurational isomers are reported of Bis-BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-boradizaindacene) embedded Pt PSs.

Rapid and effective removal of copper, nitrate and trichloromethane from aqueous media by aluminium alloys.

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) has been extensively studied for its efficacy in removing heavy metals, nitrate, and chlorinated organic compounds from contaminated water. However, its limited effectiveness due to rapid passivation and poor selectivity is prompting for alternative solutions, such as the use of aluminium alloys. In this study, the efficacy of five distinct aluminium alloys, namely Al-Mg, Al-Fe, Al-Cu, and Al-Ni, each comprising 50 % Al by mass at a concentration of 10 g/L, was assessed using copper, nitrate and trichloromethane (TCM) as model contaminants.

Autoimmune hepatitis with confluent necrosis indicates severe liver injury but responds well to standard immunosuppressive therapy.

We aimed to study the effects of different extensive confluent necrosis on complete biochemical remission, side effects of immunosuppressants, and outcomes in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Patients with liver biopsy, receiving standard immunosuppressive therapy (IST), and regular follow-up were retrospectively recruited. Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics between Ishak confluent necrosis scores ≤4 (the non-severe AIH group) and ≥5 (the severe AIH group) were compared.

A spatial registration method based on 2D-3D registration for an augmented reality spinal surgery navigation system.

Background: In order to provide accurate and reliable image guidance for augmented reality (AR) spinal surgery navigation, a spatial registration method has been proposed.

Methods: In the AR spinal surgery navigation system, grayscale-based 2D/3D registration technology has been used to register preoperative computed tomography images with intraoperative X-ray images to complete the spatial registration, and then the fusion of virtual image and real spine has been realised.

Results: In the image registration experiment, the success rate of spine model registration was 90%.

Novel 3-hydroxypyridin-4(1H)-One derivatives as ferroptosis inhibitors with iron-chelating and reactive oxygen species scavenging activities and therapeutic effect in cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity.

Recent advances in understanding the role of iron and ROS in cell death suggest new therapeutic avenues to treat organ damage including acute kidney injury (AKI). Inhibiting ferroptosis was expected to have great potential for the treatment of this disease. Ferroptosis is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and currently, a majority of reported ferroptosis inhibitors belong to either radical-trapping antioxidants or iron chelators.