Biological characterization of the phage lysin AVPL and its efficiency against -induced mastitis in a murine model.

Unlabelled: () is an important opportunistic zoonotic pathogen that poses a potential threat to the animal husbandry industry, such as cow mastitis, due to the widespread development of multidrug-resistant strains. Phage lysins have emerged as a promising alternative antibiotic treatment strategy. However, no lysins have been reported to treat infections.

A novel phage putative depolymerase, Depo16, has specific activity against K1 capsular-type .

, especially hypervirulent (hvKP), is a common opportunistic pathogen that often causes hospital- and community-acquired infections. Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is an important virulence factor of . Some phages encode depolymerases that can recognize and degrade bacterial polysaccharides.

Enolase of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 promotes biomolecular condensation of ribosomal protein SA for HBMECs apoptosis.

Background: Ribosomal protein SA (RPSA) of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) can transfer from the cytosol to the cell surface and act as a receptor for some pathogens, including Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2), a zoonotic pathogen causing meningitis in pigs and humans. We previously reported that SS2 virulence factor enolase (ENO) binds to RPSA on the cell surface of HBMECs and induces apoptosis. However, the mechanism that activates RPSA translocation to the cell surface and induces ENO-mediated HBMEC apoptosis is unclear.

Development and application of an indirect ELISA and nested PCR for the epidemiological analysis of among pigs in China.

Introduction: () is an important opportunistic and zoonotic pathogen which is associated with many diseases in humans and animals. However, the pathogenicity of has been neglected and the prevalence of is poorly studied due to the lack of rapid and sensitive diagnosis techniques.

Methods: In this study, we infected mice and pigs with strain from a human patient.

The pig intestinal phageome is an important reservoir and transfer vector for virulence genes.

Bacteriophages (phages) can significantly influence the composition and functions of their host communities, and enhance host pathogenicity via the transport of phage-encoded virulence genes. Phages are the main component of animal gut viruses, however, there are few reports on the piglet gut phageome and its contribution to virulence genes. Here, a total of 185 virulence genes from 59,955 predicted genes of gut phages in weaned piglets were identified, with 0.

Tracheal epithelial cell-exosome-derived MiR-21-5p inhibits alveolar macrophage pyroptosis to resist pulmonary bacterial infection through PIK3CD-autophagy pathway.

Aims: Structural cells play an important role in regulating immune cells during infection. Our aim was to determine whether structural porcine tracheal epithelial cells (PTECs) can regulate alveolar macrophages (AMs) to prevent bacterial pneumonia, explore the underlying mechanism(s) and therapeutic target.

Materials And Methods: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) was used as the model strain for infection studies.

Phage Lysin AVPL Had Lytic Activity against in a Mouse Bacteremia Model.

() is a swine pathogen that can cause sepsis, meningitis, endocarditis, and other infectious diseases; it is also a zoonotic pathogen that has caused a global surge in fatal human infections. The widespread prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains and the decline in novel antibiotic candidates have necessitated the development of alternative antimicrobial agents. In this study, AVPL, the () phage lysin, was found to exhibit efficient bactericidal activity and broad lytic activity against multiple serotypes of .

Structural biology and functional features of phage-derived depolymerase Depo32 on with K2 serotype capsular polysaccharides.

Hypervirulent with capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) causes severe nosocomial- and community-acquired infections. Phage-derived depolymerases can degrade CPSs from to attenuate bacterial virulence, but their antimicrobial mechanisms and clinical potential are not well understood. In the present study, phage GH-K3-derived depolymerase Depo32 (encoded by gene ) was identified to exhibit high efficiency in specifically degrading the CPSs of K2 serotype .

Potential of phage EF-N13 as an alternative treatment strategy for mastitis infections caused by multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis.

Bovine mastitis is the most common and costly disease affecting dairy cattle throughout the world. Enterococcus faecalis is one of the environmental origin mastitis-causing pathogens. The treatment of bovine mastitis is primarily based on antibiotics.

Adh Promotes Survival in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages by Inhibiting CHAC2-Mediated Respiratory Burst and Inflammatory Cytokine Expression.

() causes porcine pleuropneumonia that seriously endangers pig's health. Adh, located in the head region of trimeric autotransporter adhesion of , affects bacterial adhesion and pathogenicity. However, how Adh mediates immune invasion is still unclear.

Metagenomics analysis reveals potential pathways and drivers of piglet gut phage-mediated transfer of ARGs.

The growing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has led to a better understanding of the underlying processes that lead to this expansion. Intensive pig farms are considered one of the hotspots for antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) transmission. Phages, as important mobile carriers of ARGs, are widespread in the animal intestine.

Recent advances on the regulation of bacterial biofilm formation by herbal medicines.

Biofilm formation is a fundamental part of life cycles of bacteria which affects various aspects of bacterial-host interactions including the development of drug resistance and chronic infections. In clinical settings, biofilm-related infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to tolerance to antibiotics. Bacterial biofilm formation is regulated by different external and internal factors, among which quorum sensing (QS) signals and nucleotide-based second messengers play important roles.

LAP3 contributes to IFN-γ-induced arginine depletion and malignant transformation of bovine mammary epithelial cells.

Background: IFN-γ has been traditionally recognized as an inflammatory cytokine that involves in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Previously we have shown that sustained IFN-γ induced malignant transformation of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) via arginine depletion. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this is still unknown.

A phage cocktail combined with the enteric probiotic ameliorated mouse colitis caused by .

serovar Typhimurium () is one of the most important foodborne pathogens that causes colitis in humans. In this study, we compared the effects of a therapeutic treatment using a phage cocktail (Pc) in combination or not with () in an -induced colitis murine model. An oral administration of 4 × 10 CFU per mouse of resulted in intestinal barrier disruption and severe inflammatory symptoms.

The Combination of Phages and Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Can Effectively Treat Mouse Colitis Caused by Serovar Typhimurium.

serovar Typhimurium ( Typhimurium) is one of the common causes of human colitis. In the present study, two lytic phages vB_SenS-EnJE1 and vB_SenS-EnJE6 were isolated and the therapeutic effect of the combination of phages and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on Typhimurium-induced mouse colitis was investigated. The characteristics and genome analysis indicated that they are suitable phages for phage therapy.

Oral vaccination with recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing Aha1 fused with CTB as an adjuvant against Aeromonas veronii in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Aeromonas veronii (A. veronii) is a pathogenic that can infect human, animal and aquatic organisms, in which poses a huge threat to the health of many aquatic organisms such as Cyprinus carpio. In this study, Lactobacillus casei (L.

The Bacteriophage vB_CbrM_HP1 Protects Crucian Carp Against Infection.

is an opportunistic pathogen that induces aquatic infections in fish and turtles. In this study, a bacteriophage that infects , named vB_CbrM_HP1, was isolated from sewage. This phage belongs to family, subfamily, Mooglevirus genus.

Phage resistance mutation triggered by OmpC deficiency in Klebsiella pneumoniae induced limited fitness costs.

Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) play an important role in bacterial fitness costs. Derived from the interaction between Klebsiella pneumoniae K7 and phage GH-K3, K7R is an outer membrane porin-deficient phage-resistant mutant strain triggered by ompC deletion, exhibits expression inhibition of OmpC, OmpN, KPN_02430 and OmpF, but its fitness costs and regulatory mechanism remains unknown. In this study, compared with K7, K7R showed almost unaffected growth rate, slightly decreased virulence, and increased resistance to some antibiotics.

IL-5 enhances the resistance of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in mice through maintaining appropriate levels of lung M2, PMN-II and highly effective neutrophil extracellular traps.

Interleukin 5 (IL-5) regulates the maturation, activation, proliferation and function of immune cells, and plays an important role in the inflammatory response induced by an allergy. However, its anti-pathogen effect is poorly understood currently, especially on pneumonia. Here, this study was designed to elucidate the immunological role of IL-5 in the infection of mice with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP).

A novel lysin Ply1228 provides efficient protection against Streptococcus suis type 2 infection in a murine bacteremia model.

Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen that is difficult to control with antibiotics due to the widespread development of multidrug-resistant strains. Phage lysin is considered a potential therapeutic agent to combat S. suis.

Rapid and sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus using biolayer interferometry technology combined with phage lysin LysGH15.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), considered as a common foodborne pathogenic microorganism, usually causes food poisoning and various infectious diseases. Therefore, development of rapid and accurate bacterial detection method is the key to preventing food poisoning and achieving early diagnosis and treatment of various infectious diseases caused by S.

vB-ApyS-JF1, the First Phage, Shows Potential as an Alternative Treatment Strategy for Infections.

Trueperella () is an important opportunistic animal pathogen that causes huge economic losses to the animal husbandry industry. The emergence of bacterial resistance and the unsatisfactory effect of the vaccine have prompted investigators to explore alternative strategies for controlling infection. Due to the ability of phages to kill multidrug-resistant bacteria, the use of phage therapy to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections has attracted attention.

Combination Therapy of Phage vB_KpnM_P-KP2 and Gentamicin Combats Acute Pneumonia Caused by K47 Serotype .

() is an important nosocomial and community acquired opportunistic pathogen which causes various infections. The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent (CR-hvKP) has brought more severe challenge to the treatment of infection. In this study, a novel bacteriophage that specifically infects was isolated and named as vB_KpnM_P-KP2 (abbreviated as P-KP2).

Pre-optimized phage therapy on secondary infection in four critical COVID-19 patients.

Phage therapy is recognized as a promising alternative to antibiotics in treating pulmonary bacterial infections, however, its use has not been reported for treating secondary bacterial infections during virus pandemics such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We enrolled 4 patients hospitalized with critical COVID-19 and pulmonary carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) infections to compassionate phage therapy (at 2 successive doses of 10 plaque-forming unit phages). All patients in our COVID-19-specific intensive care unit (ICU) with CRAB positive in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or sputum samples were eligible for study inclusion if antibiotic treatment failed to eradicate their CRAB infections.