Plasmid co-expressing siRNA-PD-1 and Endostatin carried by attenuated Salmonella enhanced the anti-melanoma effect via inhibiting the expression of PD-1 and VEGF on tumor-bearing mice.

Melanoma, the most perilous form of skin cancer, is known for its inherent resistance to chemotherapy. Even with advances in tumor immunotherapy, the survival of patients with advanced or recurrent melanomas remains poor. Over time, melanoma tumor cells may produce excessive angiogenic factors, necessitating the use of combinations of angiogenesis inhibitors, including broad-spectrum options, to combat melanoma.

MicroRNA-23a antisense enhances 5-fluorouracil chemosensitivity through APAF-1/caspase-9 apoptotic pathway in colorectal cancer cells.

Current literature provided information that alteration in microRNA expression impacted sensitivity or resistance of certain tumor types to anticancer treatment, including the possible intracellular pathways. The microRNA-23a (miR-23a)-regulated apoptosis in response to the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway was determined in this study. The miR-23a expression in 5-FU-treated and untreated colon cancer cells and tissues was assessed using real-time PCR analysis.

Long noncoding RNA high expression in hepatocellular carcinoma facilitates tumor growth through enhancer of zeste homolog 2 in humans.

Unlabelled: In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to have critical regulatory roles in cancer biology. However, the contributions of lncRNAs to hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain largely unknown. Differentially expressed lncRNAs between HBV-related HCC and paired peritumoral tissues were identified by microarray and validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Human serum amyloid P functions as a negative regulator of the innate and adaptive immune responses to DNA vaccines.

The utility of DNA vaccines has been limited by their failure to elicit sufficiently potent immune responses in many human applications, whereas DNA vaccinations in mice have been very successful. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesize that serum amyloid P component (SAP), which has a species-specific, DNA-binding ability, contributes to the differences between human and mice and then limits DNA vaccine's efficacy in vivo.

Augmented induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell responses against canine hepatitis by co-immunization with pVAX1-CpG-Loop and adjuvants in BALB/c mice.

The objective of this study was to obtain better antigen specific cytotoxic T cell responses in vivo. We examined the augmented induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell responses to co-administration of oligonucleotides (CpG-ODN), dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA), and Lipofectamine™ 2000 with a DNA vaccine (pVAX1-CpG-Loop) and boosting with pVAX1-CpG-Loop in BALB/c mice. The results show that Loop protein-specific T cell proliferation, cytotoxic T cell activity, and the production of CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ were enhanced after co-immunization of mice with adjuvants and pVAX1-CpG-Loop.