Cartilage degeneration is associated with activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in a growing rat experimental model of developmental trochlear dysplasia.

Introduction: Trochlear dysplasia is a commonly encountered lower extremity deformity in humans. However, the molecular mechanism of cartilage degeneration in trochlear dysplasia is unclear thus far.

Objectives: The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is known to be important for regulating the pathophysiology of cartilage degeneration.

Hindlimb torsional alignment changes in growing rabbits after patellar dislocation.

Background: Torsional malalignment has been considered as a risk factor for patellar dislocation. But the influence of patellar dislocation for torsional alignment development remains unknown. The present study aims to investigate whether the torsional alteration of the hindlimb occurs after patellar dislocation in growing rabbits.

Early patellofemoral articular cartilage degeneration in a rat model of patellar instability is associated with activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Background: Patellar instability (PI) often increases the possibility of lateral patellar dislocation and early osteoarthritis. The molecular mechanism of early articular cartilage degeneration during patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) still requires further investigation. However, it is known that the NF-κB signaling pathway plays an important role in articular cartilage degeneration.

The morphology of patella changed significantly after soft tissue correction for children with recurrent patella dislocation.

Background: Although morphological improvement of femoral trochlea has been investigated in children with patellar dislocation after surgery, whether the patellar shape changed under the same condition is still unknown. The purpose of the study was to investigate the changes of patellar morphology in transverse plane following surgical correction of recurrent patellar dislocation in children.

Methods: A total of 22 patients with a mean age of 9.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis does not influence the outcomes following cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty: a case-control study with minimum 5-year follow-up.

Background: Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare synovial disease with benign hyperplasia, which has been successfully treated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the middle-term follow-up outcomes of cruciate-retaining (CR) TKA in patients with PVNS.

Methods: From January 2012 to December 2014, a retrospective study was conducted in 17 patients with PVNS who underwent CR TKA as PVNS group.

Patellofemoral Arthroplasty Improves Patellofemoral Alignment in Patients with Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis with Trochlear Dysplasia.

The impact of trochlear dysplasia on patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) has rarely been reported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of PFA in patients with patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) associated with trochlear dysplasia. From January 2014 to March 2018, 35 patients with PFOA and trochlear dysplasia (29 females and 6 males), underwent PFA, were included in the present retrospective study.

Mini-midvastus versus medial parapatellar approach in total knee arthroplasty: difference in patient-reported outcomes measured with the Forgotten Joint Score.

Background: Low knee awareness after minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has become the ultimate target of a natural-feeling knee that meets patient expectations. The objective of this research was to compare the clinical outcomes of TKA via the mini-midvastus (MMV) approach or the medial parapatellar (MPP) approach, and to evaluate which approach can lead to a better quality of life after surgery.

Methods: From January 2015 to December 2016, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in 330 patients who underwent TKA via a mini-midvastus (MMV) approach.

A surgical reduction technique for posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture in total knee arthroplasty: a comparison study.

Background: Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fracture of the tibia is an uncommon but serious complication during primary cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The first objective of this report was to conduct a retrospective cohort study to investigate the incidence and potential risk factors of PCL avulsion fracture in primary cruciate-retaining TKA. The second objective was to assess the functional outcomes of the knee after reduction of PCL avulsion fracture.

Scalpel can achieve better clinical outcomes compared with electric cautery in primary total knee arthroplasty: a comparison study.

Background: Whether using the scalpel can provide better and faster recovery after the primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still controversial. The aim of this research was to compare the clinical outcomes of using the scalpel and the electric cautery in primary TKA.

Methods: From January 2016 to December 2017, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in 313 patients who underwent unilateral primary TKA by using the scalpel (group S).

Distal femoral morphological dysplasia is correlated with increased femoral torsion in patients with trochlear dysplasia and patellar instability.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between femoral torsion and morphology of the distal femoral condyle in patients with trochlear dysplasia and lateral patellar instability.

Methods: A total of 90 patients (64 female, 26 male; mean age 22.1 years (SD 7.

Anterior-medial collateral ligament portal : easy access to the torn posteromedial horn of the medial meniscus.

The posteromedial horn of the medial meniscus is prone to injury, and repair of a tear in this portion of the medial meniscus is especially challenging for the arthroscopist. We present a novel technique that allows good management of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus, even in patients with tight medial compartments. This technique uses two standard portals (the anterolateral portal and the anteromedial portal) to conduct arthroscopic examination, and uses a third portal as the workhorse portal to manage the posterior region so that the posterior horn tear can be easily removed.

Anatomical Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Recurrent Patella Dislocation: Two-Strand Grafts versus Four-Strand Grafts.

The purpose of this study was to describe two anatomical medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction methods: reconstruction with two-strand grafts and reconstruction with four-strand grafts and to evaluate the clinical and radiological results. From January 2010 to January 2013, patients who sustained recurrent patella dislocation and met inclusion criteria were included in the study and divided into two groups randomly to undergo MPFL reconstruction either by two-strand grafts (T group) or four-strand grafts (F group). Patients were followed up 1 month, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years postoperatively.

Intracoronary Nicorandil and the Prevention of the No-Reflow Phenomenon During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate intracoronary nicorandil treatment on the no-reflow phenomenon (NRP) during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and to compare nicorandil with sodium nitroprusside. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with sustained acute STEMI who underwent primary PCI (N=120) were randomly assigned to three groups: the nicorandil-treated group (N=40) had 2 mg of nicorandil injected into the coronary artery at 2 mm beyond the occlusion with balloon pre-dilation; the sodium nitroprusside-treated group (N=40) underwent the same procedure, but with 200 μg of sodium nitroprusside; the control group (N=40) received PCI and balloon pre-dilation only. Coronary angiography, incidence of NRP, hypotensive episodes, ST-segment resolution (STR) rate, levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), wall motion score index (WMSI), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured before and after primary PCI.

Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction with Semi-Patellar Tunnel Fixation: Surgical Technique and Mid-Term Follow-Up.

BACKGROUND The present study aimed to describe a new safe and economical technique for medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction with satisfactory clinical outcomes, and present the results of a four-year follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two patients with recurrent patella dislocation, who underwent MPFL reconstruction with two semi-patellar tunnels and hardware-free patellar fixation between 2011 and 2013, were included in the study. Patella stability was tested by an apprehension test preoperatively and at follow-up.

Lateral retinaculum plasty instead of lateral retinacular release with concomitant medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction can achieve better results for patellar dislocation.

Purpose: To elucidate the outcomes of lateral retinaculum plasty versus lateral retinacular release with concomitant medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction.

Methods: In a prospective study, 59 patients treated at our institution from 2012 to 2014 were included. The 59 patients were randomly divided into two groups.

Double-bundle anatomical medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with lateral retinaculum plasty can lead to good outcomes in patients with patellar dislocation.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of double-bundle anatomical medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction combined with lateral retinaculum plasty versus isolated MPFL reconstruction for patellar dislocation.

Methods: From 2011 to 2013, 64 patients underwent either double-bundle anatomical MPFL reconstruction combined with lateral retinaculum plasty (Group A, 32 patients), or isolated MPFL reconstruction (Group B, 32 patients). Clinical evaluations were performed 2 years post-operatively and included determination of the number of patients with patellar redislocation, the patellar tilt angle, lateral patellar shift, subjective symptoms, and functional outcomes as evaluated with the Kujala score and Lysholm score.

Patella morphological alteration after patella instability in growing rabbits.

Background: The shape of the patella has been considered to be a predisposing factor resulting in patellar instability, but the effects of abnormal patella position during its development are unclear. The present study evaluated patellar morphological changes after patella instability and evaluated the influence of patellar instability on the patella shape.

Methods: Twenty rabbits that were 2 months old were included in the study.

Early patellar dislocation can lead to tibial tubercle lateralization in rabbits.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of early patellar dislocation on the tibial tubercle location.

Methods: Sixty knees from 30 healthy 1-month-old New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups of 30 knees each. Group A (control group) comprised the left knees, which underwent no surgical procedures.

Contamination and Attributed Risks in Yunlong Lake in Xuzhou, China.

Swimming in surface water bodies (e.g., lakes, rivers) can expose the human body to substantial risk of infection by .

Relationship between the Patellar Ridge and the Femoral Trochlea in the Patellar Tracking.

Objective: To investigate the anatomic morphology of the patellar ridge and how it matches the femoral trochlea in patellar tracking.

Method: We selected 40 volunteers, 20 males (age, 28 ± 5 years) and 20 female (age, 27 ± 6 years), who were completely asymptomatic with normal knee structures. We measured the right or left legs of volunteers, and the region from the distal femur to the tibial tuberosity was scanned by computed tomography (CT) with flexion at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°.

Improved ACL reconstruction outcome using double-layer BPTB allograft compared to that using four-strand hamstring tendon allograft.

Background: This study compared the clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using double-layer bone-patellar tendon-bone (DBPTB) allografts and four-strand hamstring (4SHS) grafts.

Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial included 101 patients. Of these, 50 patients received DBPTB allografts, and 51 received 4SHS grafts.

Surgical versus Nonsurgical Treatments of Acute Primary Patellar Dislocation with Special Emphasis on the MPFL Injury Patterns.

The objective of the present study was to compare the clinical results of the surgical versus nonsurgical treatments of acute primary patellar dislocations with a medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) injury in the nonoverlap region with the vastus medialis oblique. In this study, 62 patients with an acute patellar dislocation and a concurrent MPFL injury in the nonoverlap region were randomly divided into two groups based on their birth years (even vs. odd years) and received either surgical or nonsurgical treatment.