When advisors do not know what is best for advisees: Uncertainty inhibits advice giving.

While seeking advice can be beneficial for advisees, advisors may not always possess the necessary knowledge to provide appropriate guidance. Poor-quality advice can mislead advisees rather than offering assistance. Despite the research interest in advisees, few studies have investigated advisors' psychological and behavioral responses, especially when they faced uncertainty regarding the optimal course of action for advisees.

Biosynthetic Pathway and Bioactivity of Vanillin, a Highly Abundant Metabolite Distributed in the Root Cortex of Tea Plants ().

Volatiles are important for plant root stress resistance. The diseases in tea root are serious, causing major losses. The volatile composition in tea root and whether it can resist diseases remain unclear.

Differences in the quality of black tea ( var. Yinghong No. 9) in different seasons and the underlying factors.

Spring green tea is usually considered to be better than summer green tea. Whether this phenomenon applies to black tea is unknown. Black tea produced using var.

Bioactive ambuic acid congeners from endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola SC-J551.

New ambuic acid derivatives, pestallic acids R-V (1-5), together with ambuic acid (6), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola SC-J551 derived from the fern Blechnum orientale L., of which compound 2, being racemic, was separated to two optically pure enantiomers (+)-2 and (-)-2. The structures including absolute configurations of these new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and theoretical simulations of their ECD spectra and C NMR chemical shifts.

Anti-MRSA Dimeric and Brominated Phenyltetracenoids Produced by SC1169.

Eleven new phenyltetracenoid polyketides, streptovertimycins U () and V (), 14-bromo-streptovertidione (), streptovertimycins W-Y (-), and streptovertimycins Z-Z (-, together with the known congeners fasamycins R () and S () and accramycins A () and B (), were isolated from the NaBr-supplemented rice-grown cultures of SC1169. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and theoretical computations of ECD spectra. Compounds and are methylene-bridged dimers of accramycin A, and compounds and - are brominated fasamycin congeners.

Seco-pimarane diterpenoids and androstane steroids from an endophytic Nodulisporium fungus derived from Cyclosorus parasiticus.

Five previously undescribed specialized metabolites, including three 9,11-seco-pimarane diterpenoids, nodulisporenones A-C, and two androstane steroids, nodulisporisterones A and B, together with previously described ergosterol derivatives, dankasterone A and demethylincisterol A, were isolated from solid cultures of the endophytic fungus Nodulisporium sp. SC-J597. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations of electronic circular dichroism spectra.

Cytochalasans from the endophytic fungus Diaporthe ueckerae associated with the fern Pteris vittata.

Six previously undescribed cytochalasans, ueckerchalasins A-E and 4'-hydroxycytochalasin J, together with eight known congeners, were isolated from solid cultures of the endophytic fungus Diaporthe ueckerae SC-J0123 which was originally isolated from the leaves of Pteris vittata L. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and theoretical simulations of ECD spectra and C NMR shifts. Ueckerchalasins A-C have a carbon-carbon bridge between C-14 and C-20, forming a rare 5/6/6/7-fused heterocyclic core.

Antifungal Mechanism of MTE-1, a Novel Oligosaccharide Ester, against .

is a pathogenic fungus that causes false smut disease in rice during the flowering stage through stamen filaments. Currently, there is a need to develop safe and effective antifungal agents for the control of this disease. In our preliminary experiments, we found that MTE-1, a new trisaccharide ester, exhibits significant inhibitory activity against .

A Combined Analysis of Transcriptome and Proteome Reveals the Inhibitory Mechanism of a Novel Oligosaccharide Ester against .

Blue mold caused by is one of the most serious postharvest diseases of citrus fruit. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of a novel oligosaccharide ester, 6---L-mannopyranosyl-3--(2-methylbutanoyl)-4--(8-methyldecanoyl)-2--(4-methyl-hexanoyl) trehalose (MTE-1), against . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), along with transcriptome and proteome analysis also, were conducted to illuminate the underlying mechanism.

Pestalotinones A-D, new benzophenone antibiotics from endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola SC-J551.

Four new pestalone-type benzophenones, pestalotinones A-D (1-4), along with six known congeners, pestalone, pestalone E-F, SB87-Cl, SB87-H, and pestalachloride B, were isolated from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola SC-J551 cultivated on rice grains. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1-3 exhibited potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA (MIC: 1.

Micropyrones A and B, two new -pyrones from the actinomycete sp. GJ312 isolated from Fisch.

Two new -pyrones, micropyrones A () and B (), along with four known -pyrones, nocapyrone D (), nocapyrone A (), marinactinone A (), and nocapyrone H (), were isolated from the culture extract of actinomycete sp. GJ312, which was isolated from . The structures of these compounds were identified by analysis of spectral data.

Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Phenyltetracenoid Polyketides from .

Formicapyridine-type racemates, streptovertidines A () and B (), a 7,24--fasamycin, streptovertidione (), and the fasamycin-type streptovertimycins I-T (-), together with 13 known fasamycin congeners (-), were isolated from soil-derived SC1169. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and theoretical computations of ECD spectra. The fasamycin-type compounds , -, , and exhibited activity against the drug-resistant bacteria MRSA and VRE (MIC: 1.

Cosmosporasides F-H, three new sugar alcohol conjugated acyclic sesquiterpenes from a fungus.

Three new sugar alcohol conjugated acyclic sesquiterpenes, cosmosporasides F-H (-), were isolated from the fermented cultures of SC0002. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data, including H-C long-range coupling constants (). Their antibacterial, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated.

Radicicol, a Novel Lead Compound against the Migratory-Stage Schistosomula of .

Schistosomiasis poses a serious threat to human health and remains a major tropical and parasitic disease in more than 70 countries. Praziquantel (PZQ) has been the primary treatment for schistosomiasis for nearly 4 decades. However, its efficacy against migratory-stage schistosomula is limited.

Bioactive Diarylheptanoids from Alpinia coriandriodora.

Eight new diarylheptanoids, coriandralpinins A-H (1-8), were isolated from the rhizomes of Alpinia coriandriodora, an edible plant of the ginger family. Their structures, including the absolute configurations, were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis and ECD calculations. Compounds 1-8 have a 1,5-O-bridged diarylheptanoid structure featuring polyoxygenated aryl units.

Dihydrochalcones from the leaves of .

Three new phlorizin derivatives, 6"--vanilloylphlorizin (), 6"--(4-hydroxybenzoyl)phlorizin (), 6"--feruloylphlorizin (), along with four known dihydrochalcones, phlorizin (), 3-hydroxyphlorizin, trilobatin, and 6"--acetylphlorizin were isolated from the leaves of . Their structures were established by analysis of extensive spectroscopic data. The new compounds were shown to be non-cytotoxic when tested against A549, HeLa, HepG2, and MCF-7 cell lines.

Cytochalasans from endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. SC-J0138.

Five new cytochalasans, diaporthichalasins D-H (1-5), along with five known cytochalasans (6-10) were isolated from solid cultures of the endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. SC-J0138 isolated from the leaves of Cyclosorus parasiticus. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data and theoretical calculations of electronic circular dichroism spectra.

Bioactive Polyhydroxanthones from .

Eight new polyhydroxanthones, penicixanthones A-H (-), including four monomers (-) and four dimers (-), were isolated from solid cultures of SC0070. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, X-ray single-crystal diffraction, and theoretical computations of ECD spectra. Penicixanthone B () has a hexahydroxanthone structure featuring an unusual oxygen bridge between C-6 and C-8a.

2-pyranone and isocoumarin derivatives from the endophytic fungus SC3082 derived from (Gaertn.) Roxb.

Two new 2-pyranones ( and ), two new isocoumarins ( and ), and two known compounds ( and ) were obtained from solid cultures of the endophytic fungus SC3082. Their structures and revision of the absolute stereochemistry of were established by spectroscopic analyses and computational calculations. Compounds , and displayed moderate antifungal activities against ATCC 10321 with MIC values of 25.

Streptovertimycins A-H, new fasamycin-type antibiotics produced by a soil-derived Streptomyces morookaense strain.

Eight new fasamycin-type polyketides, streptovertimycins A-H (1-8), were isolated from soil-derived Streptomyces morookaense SC1169 cultivated on wheat grains. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis and theoretical computations of ECD spectra. Compounds 1-8 have a fasamycin-type pentacyclic structure featuring a 15-O-methyl group.

Colletotryptins A-F, new dimeric tryptophol derivatives from the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum sp. SC1355.

Seven new dimeric tryptophol-related alkaloids (1-4, 5a, 5b, and 6) were isolated from solid cultures of the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum sp. SC1355. The structures and absolute configurations of these compounds were determined by NMR spectroscopic analyses in combination with quantum chemical calculations of NMR (GIAO) shifts and ECD spectra.

Asperimides A-D, anti-inflammatory aromatic butenolides from a tropical endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus.

Four new aromatic butenolides, asperimides A-D (1-4), together with a known analogue, butyrolactone I (5), were isolated from solid cultures of a tropical endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Compounds 1-4 represent the first examples of butenolides with a maleimide core isolated from Aspergillus sp.

Dinghupeptins A-D, Chymotrypsin Inhibitory Cyclodepsipeptides Produced by a Soil-Derived Streptomyces.

Four new cyclodepsipeptides, dinghupeptins A-D (1-4), possessing a rare N-(2-hydroxylethyl)glutamine moiety, were isolated from cultures of the soil-derived Streptomyces sp. SC0581. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and advanced Marfey's amino acid analysis, and their 3D structures were established by theoretical conformational analysis.

Acremotins A-D, peptaibiotics produced by the soil-derived fungus Acremonium persicinum SC0105.

Four new peptaibiotics, acremotins A-D (1-4) featuring three α,α-dialkylated amino acid-imino acid motifs and an unreduced C-terminal residue, along with the known peptaibiotic XR586 (5) were isolated from the solid cultures of the soil-derived fungus Acremonium persicinum SC0105. Their primary structures were characterized by detailed analysis of the HRESIMS/MS fragmentation pattern combined with comprehensive interpretation of the 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of amino acid residues were determined by the advanced Marfey's method.