Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine Administered in Two Different Modes Under Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in Plastic Surgery.

Background: Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, is now widely used in procedural sedation and analgesia. This study was designed to observe and compare the efficacy and safety of DEX administered in two different modes.

Methods: In total, 100 patients were randomly divided into two groups to receive intravenous DEX 1 µg/kg over 15 min followed by 0.

Effect of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine Injection(1 μg/kg)on the Intubating Conditions without Muscle Relaxants in Children after Inhalation Induction with Sevoflurane.

Objective To investigate the effect of intravenous dexmedetomidine injection(1 μg/kg)on the intubating conditions after inhalation induction with sevoflurane 8% and nitrous oxide(NO)50% in children. Methods Totally 122 patients aged 4-10 years with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠ undergoing elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided to dexmedetomidine group(intraveneously injected with dexmedetomidine 1μg/kg)and control group(injected with normal saline)by using the random sampling table.On arrival of the operating room,anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane 8% and NO 50% in oxygen 50%.

The Use of Epinephrine in Caudal Anesthesia Increases Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output in Children.

Background And Objectives: Caudal anesthesia is a common and effective regional anesthesia technique in pediatric patients. The addition of epinephrine to local anesthetics in caudal anesthesia is a frequent practice; however, changes in hemodynamic and cardiac parameters produced by epinephrine in caudal anesthesia are not well studied. Using data collected with the ICON noninvasive cardiac output monitor, we examined the hemodynamic changes associated with the administration of epinephrine containing local anesthetics during caudal anesthesia in children.

Dexmedetomidine Improves Intubating Conditions Without Muscle Relaxants in Children After Induction With Propofol and Remifentanil.

Background: Anesthesia induction using propofol (3 mg/kg) and remifentanil (2 μg/kg) without the use of muscle relaxants has been associated with a lower incidence of successful intubation. Dexmedetomidine has been found to effectively decrease the requirements for propofol and remifentanil and to attenuate the hemodynamic response to intubation. Therefore, in this study, we examined intubating conditions and hemodynamic changes in children after induction with dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg) combined with propofol (3 mg/kg) and remifentanil (2 μg/kg).

Unintentional epidural injection of 88 μg·kg(-1) of epinephrine.

We report the effects of 88 μg·kg(-1) of epinephrine (1:10,000) injected into the caudal epidural space of a 42-week postconceptual age infant. No long-term neurological or cardiovascular sequelae occurred. Noninvasive cardiac output (CO) monitoring revealed increased CO, contractility, and stroke volume for about an hour, accompanied by a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance and a modest increase in pulse and blood pressure.

Continuous noninvasive cardiac output in children: is this the next generation of operating room monitors? Initial experience in 402 pediatric patients.

Background: Electrical Cardiometry(™) (EC) estimates cardiac parameters by measuring changes in thoracic electrical bioimpedance during the cardiac cycle. The ICON(®), using four electrocardiogram electrodes (EKG), estimates the maximum rate of change of impedance to peak aortic blood acceleration (based on the premise that red blood cells change from random orientation during diastole (high impedance) to an aligned state during systole (low impedance)).

Objective: To determine whether continuous cardiac output (CO) data provide additional information to current anesthesia monitors that is useful to practitioners.

[Application of conscious sedation with dexmedetomidine and sufentanil in patient for plastic surgery].

Objective: To observe the effectiveness of conscious sedation with dexmedetomidine and sufentanil in patients for plastic surgery.

Methods: Forty patients scheduled for elective plastic surgery under conscious sedation were infused 1 µg/kg intravenously within 15 minutes as loading dose followed by a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine (0.5 µg·kg⁻¹·h⁻¹) and sufentanil (0.

Shikani optical stylet-guided intubation via the intubating laryngeal airway in patients with scar contracture of the face and neck.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of the Shikani Optical Stylet (SOS)-guided intubation through a new Intubating Laryngeal Airway (ILA) in anticipated difficult airways caused by scar contracture of the face and neck.

Methods: Thirty-three adult patients with anticipated difficult airways undergoing selective faciocervical scar plastic surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. After anesthesia induction, a size 2.

[Comparison of Cookgas and Fastrach intubating laryngeal mask airway with fiberoptic bronchoscope in anticipated difficult airway management].

Objective: To compare the clinical effectiveness of fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB)-guided intubation through the Cookgas intubating laryngeal airway(CILA)and the Fastrach intubating laryngeal mask airway (FT-LMA) in the management of anticipated difficult airways.

Methods: Sixty patients with all three difficult intubation criterion (thyromental distance<60 mm, interincisor distance<35 mm, and Mallampati class 3 or 4) undergoing elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into CILA group (n=30) and FT-LMA group (n=30). After anesthesia being induced and CILA or FT-LMA being inserted, the patients were treated with FOB-guided intubation through CILA or FT-LMA.

[Roles of Cookgas and Fastrach intubating laryngeal mask airway for anticipated difficult tracheal intubation].

Objective: To compare the clinical effectiveness of blind intubation through the Cookgas intubating laryngeal airway(CILA) or Fastrach intubating laryngeal mask airway(FT-LMA) for anticipated difficult tracheal intubation.

Methods: Eighty-six patients with anticipated difficult tracheal intubation who were undergoing elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into CILA group(n=43) and FT-LMA group(n=43) . After general anesthesia being induced and CILA or FT-LMA being inserted, the patients were treated with blind intubation through CILA or FT-LMA.

[Application of conscious sedation with midazolam, propofol and sufentanil for patients in plastic surgery].

Objective: To observe the effectiveness of conscious sedation with midazolam, propofol and sufentanil for patients in plastic surgery.

Methods: 81 patients, scheduled for plastic surgery, were randomly selected to receive conscious sedation with midazolam 0.05 mg x kg(-1) and sufentanil 0.

[Induction of tracheal intubation without muscle relaxant by target controlled infusion of propofol combined with remifentanil in children].

Objective: To observe the safety and feasibility of tracheal intubation by target-controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil without muscle relaxant in children.

Methods: Totally 100 4-10-year-old pediatric patients (ASA1) who had been scheduled for plastic surgery were equally divided into remifentanil group and control group through computer-generated randomized grouping. In all patients, five minutes after intravenous administration of atropine 0.

[Application of the fibreoptic intubating laryngeal mask airway CTrach in face and neck scar contracture patients].

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of the fibreoptic intubating laryngeal mask airway (LMA) CTrach (CTrach) in anticipated difficult airway caused by face and neck scar contracture.

Methods: Totally 33 patients undergoing selective face and neck scar plastic surgery and requiring general anesthesia were enrolled in our study. After anesthesia induction, the CTrach was inserted and the viewer was attached, which allowed fibreoptic visualization of the larynx before and during passage of the tracheal tube through the vocal cords.

[Clinical observation of Cookgas intubating laryngeal airway in anticipating difficult tracheal intubation].

Objective: To compare the clinical effects of Cookgas intubating laryngeal airway (CILA) in facilitating fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) and Shikani optical stylet (SOS)-guided intubations in anticipating difficult tracheal intubation.

Methods: Totally 60 anticipated difficult tracheal intubation patients undergoing selective plastic surgery under general anesthesia were allocated to FOB group (n = 30) and SOS group (n = 30). After anesthesia induction and CILA insertion, the patients were treated with FOB or SOS-guided intubation via CILA.