Treatment Preferences of Residents Assumed to Have Severe Chronic Diseases in China: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Objectives: This study aims to elicit the relative importance of treatment attributes that influence residents' choice, assuming they are suffering severe non-communicable diseases (NCDs), to explore how they make trade-offs between these attributes and to estimate the monetary value placed on different attributes and attribute levels.

Methods: A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted with adults over 18 years old in China. Preferences were evaluated based on four treatment attributes: care provider, mode of service, distance to practice and cost.

Positive expression of cyclin D1 is an indicator for the evaluation of the prognosis of breast cancer.

Aims: The present study is to detect the expression of cyclin D1 in different clinical molecular subtypes in breast cancer, and to analyze its relationship to the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her-2), tumor size, clinical stages, histological grades, age of menarche, and prognosis.

Methods: In the present study, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical information of 226 patients with breast cancer who were hospitalized at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between January 2000 and December 2012. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of cyclin D1 in breast cancer tissues.