Development of Vibrio parahaemolyticus sensitive and specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with lateral flow device.

Background And Aim: Vibrio parahaemolyticus a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium with salinophilic properties is found mainly in rivers, oceans, and coastal environments. With the expanding scale of aquaculture in coastal regions of China, the contamination of seafoods with Vibrio parahaemolyticus is becoming a significant cause of food poisoning with symptoms including gastroenteritis, wound infection and sepsis. Current methods for detecting this microorganism are unsuitable in the present context.

Centromeres are stress-induced fragile sites.

Centromeres are unique loci on eukaryotic chromosomes and are complexed with centromere-specific histone H3 molecules (CENP-A in mammals, Cse4 in yeast). The centromere provides the binding site for the kinetochore that captures microtubules and provides the mechanical linkage required for chromosome segregation. Centromeres encounter fluctuations in force as chromosomes jockey for position on the metaphase spindle.

Modulating the Physical Form of Mannitol Crystallizing in Frozen Solutions: The Role of Cosolute and Processing.

Mannitol is widely employed as a bulking agent in lyophilized formulations. Our goal was to evaluate the role of noncrystallizing cosolutes in inhibiting mannitol crystallization and preventing the formation of mannitol hemihydrate (MHH) in frozen solutions. The individual influence of two common stabilizers (sucrose and trehalose) and three model proteins (lysozyme, bovine serum albumin, and immunoglobulin G) on the crystallization behavior of mannitol was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD).

Ginkgo biloba extract mediates HT22 cell proliferation and migration after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation via regulating RhoA-ROCK2 signalling pathway.

Vascular dementia (VD) is a neurocognitive disorder resulting from cerebral vascular disorders, leading to the demise of neurons and cognitive deficits, posing significant health concerns globally. Derived from Ginkgo biloba leaves, EGb761 is a potent bioactive compound widely recognized for its benefits in treating cerebrovascular diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that the administration of EGb761 to VD rats enhances the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neurons, effectively alleviating cognitive dysfunction.

Emerging Trends in CdS-Based Nanoheterostructures: From Type-II and Z-Scheme toward S-Scheme Photocatalytic H Production.

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) based heterojunctions, including type-II, Z-scheme, and S-scheme systems emerged as promising materials for augmenting photocatalytic hydrogen (H) generation from water splitting. This review offers an exclusive highlight of their fundamental principles, synthesis routes, charge transfer mechanisms, and performance properties in improving H production. We overview the crucial roles of Type-II heterojunctions in enhancing charge separation, Z-scheme heterojunctions in promoting redox potentials to reduce electron-hole (e/h) pairs recombination, and S-scheme heterojunctions in combining the merits of both type-II and Z-scheme frameworks to obtain highly efficient H production.

Effect of surfactants on lactate dehydrogenase aqueous solutions: A comparative study of poloxamer 188, polysorbate 20 and 80.

The effect of three commonly used surfactants, poloxamer 188 (P188), polysorbate 20 and 80 (PS20 and PS80), on the stability of a model protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), was compared in aqueous solutions. In the absence of a surfactant, protein solution revealed a gradual decrease in surface tension as a function of time. The addition of surfactant resulted in a rapid decrease in the surface tension.

Probing Chemical Equilibrium in Frozen Sodium Phosphate Buffer Solution by P Solid-State NMR.

Phosphate buffers are crucial for cryopreservative stability in pharmaceuticals, food processing, biomedical sciences, and biology. However, their freeze concentrates lack quantitative characterization, especially regarding the physicochemical properties of phosphate salt species in equilibrium at subzero temperatures. This study employs P solid-state NMR (ssNMR) to analyze frozen sodium phosphate (NaP) solutions, providing insights into phase composition, ionic strength, and pH.

Interlayer Potassium Single-Atom-Coordinated g-CN for Significantly Boosted Visible Light Photocatalytic H Production.

In recent years, graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) has attracted considerable attention because it includes earth-abundant carbon and nitrogen elements and exhibits good chemical and thermal stability owing to the strong covalent interaction in its conjugated layer structure. However, bulk g-CN has some disadvantages of low specific surface area, poor light absorption, rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, and insufficient active sites, which hinder its practical applications. In this study, we design and synthesize potassium single-atom (K SAs)-doped g-CN porous nanosheets (CM-K, where X represents the mass of KHP added) via supramolecular self-assembling and chemical cross-linking copolymerization strategies.

Hydrolysis of cellulose acetate phthalate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate in amorphous solid dispersions.

The preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) represents a promising strategy for addressing the solubility limitations of poorly soluble drugs, facilitating enhanced oral absorption. Acidic polymers such as cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) have emerged as effective carriers for ASDs. Although the hydrolytic degradation of these polymers has been documented, its impact on the stability of ASDs has not been systematically investigated.

Dual Functionality of Poloxamer 188 in Freeze-Dried Protein Formulations: A Stabilizer in Frozen Solutions and a Bulking Agent in Lyophiles.

Poloxamer 188 (P188) was hypothesized to be a dual functional excipient, (i) a stabilizer in frozen solution to prevent ice-surface-induced protein destabilization and (ii) a bulking agent to provide elegant lyophiles. Based on X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry, sucrose, in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibited P188 crystallization during freeze-drying, while trehalose had no such effect. The recovery of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the model protein, was evaluated after reconstitution.

KEAP1 promotes anti-tumor immunity by inhibiting PD-L1 expression in NSCLC.

Immunotherapy has become a prominent first-line cancer treatment strategy. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the expression of PD-L1 induces an immuno-suppressive effect to protect cancer cells from immune elimination, which designates PD-L1 as an important target for immunotherapy. However, little is known about the regulation mechanism and the function of PD-L1 in lung cancer.

Development of multiple structured extended release tablets via hot melt extrusion and dual-nozzle fused deposition modeling 3D printing.

The study aims to fabricate extended release (ER) tablets using a dual-nozzle fused deposition modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printing technology based on hot melt extrusion (HME), using caffeine as the model compound. Three different ER tablets were developed, which obtained "delayed-release", "rapid-sustained release", and "release-lag-release" properties. Each type of tablet was printed with two different formulations.

Clinical applications and perspectives of circulating tumor DNA in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, largely due to inadequate screening methods, late diagnosis, and limited treatment options. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising non-invasive approach for cancer screening and prognosis by detecting circulating tumor components like circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the blood. Numerous gastric cancer-specific ctDNA biomarkers have now been identified.

Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy to Probe State and Phase Transitions in Frozen Solutions.

Freezing is commonly encountered during the processing and storage of biomacromolecule products. Therefore, understanding the phase and state transitions in pharmaceutical frozen solutions is crucial for the rational development of biopharmaceuticals. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ssNMR) was used to analyze solutions containing sodium phosphate buffer, histidine, and trehalose.

Stabilization effects of saccharides in protein formulations: A review of sucrose, trehalose, cyclodextrins and dextrans.

Saccharides are a popular group of stabilizers in liquid, frozen and freeze dried protein formulations. The current work reviewed the stabilization mechanisms of three groups of saccharides: (i) Disaccharides, specifically sucrose and trehalose; (ii) cyclodextrins (CDs), a class of cyclic oligosaccharides; and (iii) dextrans, a class of polysaccharides. Compared to sucrose, trehalose exhibits a more pronounced preferential exclusion effect in liquid protein formulations, due to its stronger interaction with water molecules.

Molecular complexes of drug combinations: A review of cocrystals, salts, coamorphous systems and amorphous solid dispersions.

As the advancements in the medical technology and healthcare develop through the years, combinational therapy has evolved to be an important treatment modality in many disease settings, including cancer, cardiovascular disease and infectious diseases. In an effort to alleviate "pill burden" and improve patient compliance, fixed dose combinations (FDCs) have been developed to be used as effective therapeutics. Among all FDCs, the category of drug-drug molecular complexes has been proven an efficient methodology in designing and treating diseases, with many drugs being approved.

Emerging significance and therapeutic targets of ferroptosis: a potential avenue for human kidney diseases.

Kidney diseases remain one of the leading causes of human death and have placed a heavy burden on the medical system. Regulated cell death contributes to the pathology of a plethora of renal diseases. Recently, with in-depth studies into kidney diseases and cell death, a new iron-dependent cell death modality, known as ferroptosis, has been identified and has attracted considerable attention among researchers in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases and therapeutics to treat them.

Non-Lignin Constructing the Gas-Solid Interface for Enhancing the Photothermal Catalytic Water Vapor Splitting.

The progress of solar-driven water-splitting technology has been impeded by the limited light response capability of semiconductor materials. Despite attempts to leverage nearly 50% of infrared radiation for photothermal synergy and catalytic reaction enhancement, heat loss during liquid phase reactions results in low energy conversion efficiency. Here, the photothermally driven catalytic water-splitting system, which designs K-SrTiO -loaded TiN silica wool at the water-air interface.

Effects of Additives on the Physical Stability and Dissolution of Polymeric Amorphous Solid Dispersions: a Review.

Polymeric amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a popular approach for enhancing the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, achieving both physical stability and dissolution performance in an ASD prepared with a single polymer can be challenging. Therefore, a secondary excipient can be added.

Role of Poloxamer 188 in Preventing Ice-Surface-Induced Protein Destabilization during Freeze-Thawing.

The phase behavior of poloxamer 188 (P188) in aqueous solutions, characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and synchrotron X-ray diffractometry, revealed solute crystallization during both freezing and thawing. Sucrose and trehalose inhibited P188 crystallization during freeze-thawing (FT). While trehalose inhibited P188 crystallization only during cooling, sucrose completely suppressed P188 crystallization during both cooling and heating.

Multidirectional characterization of cellular composition and spatial architecture in human multiple primary lung cancers.

Multiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs) pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in clinic. Here, we orchestrated the cellular and spatial architecture of MPLCs by combining single-cell RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. Notably, we identified a previously undescribed sub-population of epithelial cells termed as CLDN2 alveolar type II (AT2) which was specifically enriched in MPLCs.

Corrigendum: An ultrasonic-based radiomics nomogram for distinguishing between benign and malignant solid renal masses.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.