Bone matching versus tumor matching in image-guided carbon ion radiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background And Purpose: This study evaluates the dosimetric impact of tumor matching (TM) and bone matching (BM) in carbon ion radiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Materials And Methods: Forty patients diagnosed with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer were included in this study. TM and BM techniques were employed for recalculation based on re-evaluation computed tomography (CT) images of the patients, resulting in the generation of dose distributions: Plan-T and Plan-B, respectively.

Hypoxia predicts favorable response to carbon ion radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) defined by F-FMISO positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging.

Background: Hypoxia is the bottleneck that affects the response of conventional photon radiotherapy, but it does not seem to have much effect on carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT). This study aimed to evaluate the changes of hypoxia before and after CIRT in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and whether F-fluoromisonidazole (F-FMISO) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging could predict the response to CIRT in NSCLC patients.

Methods: A total of 29 patients with NSCLC who received CIRT were retrospectively included.

F-FAPI PET/CT performs better in evaluating mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes in patients with lung cancer: comparison with F-FDG PET/CT.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of fluorine 18 (F) labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) in identifying mediastinal and hilar lymph node metastases and to develop a model to quantitatively and repeatedly identify lymph node status.

Methods: Twenty-seven patients with 137 lymph nodes were identified by two PET/CT images. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of lymph node status were analyzed, and the optimal cut-off value was identified by ROC analysis.

Intensity-modulated proton and carbon-ion radiotherapy using a fixed-beam system for locally advanced lung cancer: dosimetric comparison with x-ray radiotherapy and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) evaluation.

. To assess the dosimetric consequences and the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for the organs at risk (OARs) in intensity-modulated particle radiotherapy of proton (IMPT) and carbon-ion (IMCT) using a fixed-beam delivery system when compared with intensity-modulated photon radiotherapy (IMRT) for locally advanced small-cell lung cancer..

Dosimetric rationale and preliminary experience in proton plus carbon-ion radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy has been standard of care for unresectable esophageal carcinoma. There were no reports on proton radiotherapy (PRT) plus carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) with pencil beam scanning (PBS) for esophageal carcinoma. This study evaluated the tolerability and efficiency of proton and sequential carbon-ion boost radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma.

Selection of breathing phase number in 4D scanned proton treatment planning optimization for lung tumors.

The standard four-dimensional (4D) treatment planning includes all breathing states in the optimization process, which is time-consuming. This work was aimed to optimize the number of intermediate phases needed for 4D proton treatment planning optimization to reduce the computational cost. Five 4D optimization strategies adopting different numbers of intermediate states and one three-dimensional (3D) optimization plan were studied for fifteen lung cancer patients treated with scanned protons, optimizing on all ten phases (4D_10), two extreme phases (4D_2), six phases during the exhalation stage (4D_6EX), six phases during the inhalation stage (4D_6IN), two extreme phases plus an intermediate state (4D_3) and average computed tomography image (3D), respectively.

Proton and Carbon Ion Radiation Therapy Decreased Severe Lymphopenia by Reducing Thoracic Vertebra and Aortic Doses in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Versus Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: Lymphopenia is a common adverse effect of radiation therapy (RT). Little is known about the difference in lymphopenia between intensity modulated (photon) radiation therapy (IMRT) and proton and carbon ion radiation therapy (PCIRT). This study aimed to investigate lymphopenia differences between IMRT and PCIRT in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METTL3-mediated m6A mRNA contributes to the resistance of carbon-ion radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death among cancer patients worldwide. Carbon-ion radiotherapy is a radical nonsurgical treatment with high local control rates and no serious adverse events. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is one of the most common chemical modifications in eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) and has important effects on the stability, splicing, and translation of mRNAs.

Adaptive carbon ion radiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Organ-sparing potential and target coverage.

Background: The dose distribution of carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LANSCLC) is highly sensitive to anatomical changes.

Purpose: To demonstrate the dosimetric benefits of adaptive CIRT for LANSCLC and compare the differences between patients with and without adaptive plans based on dosimetry and clinical effect factors.

Materials And Methods: Of the 98 patients with LANSCLC receiving CIRT, 31 patients underwent replanning following re-evaluations that revealed changes that would have compromised the dose coverage of the target volume or violated dose constraints.

Preliminary Safety and Efficacy of Proton Plus Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy With Concurrent Chemotherapy in Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the tolerance and effect of proton plus carbon-ion radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy in limited-stage small cell lung cancer using the pencil beam scanning technique.

Materials And Methods: From March 2017 to April 2020, 25 patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer treated with combined proton and carbon-ion radiotherapy were analyzed. The primary lesions and involved lymph nodes were irradiated using 2-4 portals.

Clinical Implementation of a 6D Treatment Chair for Fixed Ion Beam Lines.

Purpose: To verify the practicality and safety of a treatment chair with six degrees of freedom (6DTC) through demonstrating the efficacy of the workflow in clinical settings and analyzing the obtained technical data, including intra-fraction patient movement during the use of the 6DTC.

Materials And Methods: A clinical study was designed and conducted to test the clinical treatment workflow and the safety of the 6DTC. Based on the demonstrated dosimetric advantages, fifteen patients with head and neck tumors were selected and treated with the 6DTC.

Definitive carbon ion radiotherapy for tracheobronchial adenoid cystic carcinoma: a preliminary report.

Background: Tracheobronchial adenoid cystic carcinoma (TACC) is a rare tumour. About one-third of patients miss their chance of surgery or complete resection as it is mostly detected in the advanced stage; hence, photon radiotherapy (RT) is used. However, the outcomes of photon RT remain unsatisfactory.

Dosimetric impact of using a commercial metal artifact reduction tool in carbon ion therapy in patients with hip prostheses.

The study investigated the dosimetric impact of an iterative metal artifact reduction (iMAR) tool on carbon ion therapy for pelvic cancer patients with hip prostheses. An anthropomorphic pelvic phantom with unilateral and bilateral hip prostheses was used to simulate pelvic cancer patients with metal implants. The raw data obtained from phantom CT scanning were reconstructed with a regular filtered back projection (FBP) algorithm and then corrected with iMAR.

Sequential boost of intensity-modulated radiotherapy with chemotherapy for inoperable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A prospective phase II study.

Purpose: This prospective phase II study aimed to determine the efficacy and tolerability of sequential boost of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with chemotherapy for patients with inoperable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods: Patients with histologically or cytologically proven inoperable ESCC were enrolled in this study (ChiCTR-OIC-17010485). A larger target volume for subclinical lesion was irradiated with 50 Gy, and then, a smaller target volume only including gross tumor was boosted to 66 Gy.

Early stage non-small cell lung cancer treated with pencil beam scanning particle therapy: retrospective analysis of early results on safety and efficacy.

Background: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of particle therapy (PT) using pencil beam scanning (PBS) technique for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: From 08/2014 to 03/2018, 31 consecutive patients with sum of the longest diameters of primary tumor and hilar lymph node < 5 cm, N0-1, M0 NSCLC treated with PT were retrospectively analyzed. Gating/active breathing control techniques were used to control tumor motion in 20 and 7 patients.

Simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy in esophageal carcinoma: early results of a phase II study.

Purpose: The safety and efficacy of using simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIB-IMRT) for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were evaluated in a single-institution phase II setting.

Methods And Materials: Between June 2007 and October 2009, 45 patients underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (n = 27) or radiotherapy alone (n = 18). Two planning target volumes (PTV) were defined for the SIB: PTVC and PTVG, with prescribed doses of 50.

Prognostic predictors and long-term outcome of postoperative irradiation in thymoma: a study of 241 patients.

The purpose of this study was to identify the prognostic predictors treated with postoperative irradiation in patients with thymoma. Two hundred forty-one patients with histologically confirmed thymoma were collected and retrospectively reviewed in this study. Fifty-four patients had stage I disease; 57, stage II; 120, stage III; 10, stage IV.

Observation of normal appearance and wall thickness of esophagus on CT images.

Purpose: This study sought to observe the appearance of normal esophagus, measure and record the thickness of esophageal wall in order to offer reference for estimating esophageal wall abnormalities and delineating gross tumor target of esophageal carcinomas on CT images.

Materials And Methods: From September 2006 to February 2007, 110 consecutive CT films from adult patients without esophageal diseases were collected and studied. On CT images the entire esophagus was divided into cervical, thoracic, retrocardiac and intraabdominal segments.

Updated assessment of the six-minute walk test as predictor of acute radiation-induced pneumonitis.

Purpose: To assess the utility of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) as a predictor of symptomatic radiation-induced pneumonitis (RP).

Methods: As part of a prospective trial to study radiation-induced lung injury, 53 patients receiving thoracic radiotherapy (RT) underwent a pre-RT 6MWT, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and had >or=3-month follow-up for prospective assessment of Grade 2 or worse RP (requiring medications or worse). Dosimetric parameters (e.

The impact of induction chemotherapy and the associated tumor response on subsequent radiation-related changes in lung function and tumor response.

Purpose: To assess the impact of induction chemotherapy, and associated tumor shrinkage, on the subsequent radiation-related changes in pulmonary function and tumor response.

Methods And Materials: As part of a prospective institutional review board-approved study, 91 evaluable patients treated definitively with thoracic radiation therapy (RT) for unresectable lung cancer were analyzed. The rates of RT-associated pulmonary toxicity and tumor response were compared in the patients with and without pre-RT chemotherapy.