A hybrid nanopharmaceutical for specific-amplifying oxidative stress to initiate a cascade of catalytic therapy for pancreatic cancer.

Background: Oxidative stress (OS) induced by an imbalance of oxidants and antioxidants is an important aspect in anticancer therapy, however, as an adaptive response, excessive glutathione (GSH) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) acts as an antioxidant against high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and prevents OS damage to maintain redox homoeostasis, suppressing the clinical efficacy of OS-induced anticancer therapies.

Results: A naturally occurring ROS-activating drug, galangin (GAL), is introduced into a Fenton-like catalyst (SiO@MnO) to form a TME stimulus-responsive hybrid nanopharmaceutical (SiO-GAL@MnO, denoted SG@M) for enhancing oxidative stress. Once exposed to TME, as MnO responds and consumes GSH, the released Mn converts endogenous hydrogen peroxide (HO) into hydroxyl radicals (·OH), which together with the subsequent release of GAL from SiO increases ROS.

[Risk factors for hyperuricemia in active and retired employees underwent physical examination].

Objective: To observe serum uric acid (UA) level distribution and explore risk factors of hyperuricemia (HUA) in a large cohort of active and retired employees underwent physical examination.

Methods: Physical examination was arranged for 21 700 active and retired employees from May 2010 to September 2011, 16 416 employees were examined and complete examination data were obtained in 14 044 subjects. The distribution characteristics of UA level and correlations of UA level and HUA prevalence rate with gender, age, body mass index (BMI), systolic pressure (SBP), diastolic pressure (DBP), fasting blood-glucose (FPG), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were analyzed.