Habitual Coffee Consumption Increases Risk of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Purpose: To explore whether there is a causal relationship between coffee consumption and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Design: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).

Participants: The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with coffee consumption (including phenotypes 1 and 2) were selected from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 121 824 individuals of European descent.

Causal Associations of Thyroid Function and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Purpose: To determine whether causal association lies between thyroid function and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) risk in human beings.

Design: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Methods: The single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were selected from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 72,167 individuals of European descent.

Development of atherosclerotic-moyamoya syndrome with genetic variant of RNF213 p.R4810K and p.T1727M: A case report.

Objective: We report a rare case of atherosclerotic-moyamoya syndrome (A-MMS) in an adult female with genetic variant of both ring finger 213 (RNF213) p.R4810K and p.T1727M.