Profiles and interactions of gut microbiome and intestinal microRNAs in pediatric Crohn's disease.

Unlabelled: Gut dysbiosis is closely related to dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in the intestinal epithelial cells, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). We investigated the relationship between fecal gut microbiome (GM) and intestinal tissue miRNAs in different stages of pediatric CD. Metagenomic analysis and miRNA sequencing were conducted to examine the GM and intestinal miRNA profiles of CD patients before and after clinical induction therapy and the controls.

[Clinical analysis of endoscopic esophageal dilation for the treatment of corrosive esophageal strictures in children].

Objectives: To investigate the clinical application of endoscopic esophageal dilation in the treatment of corrosive esophageal strictures in children.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 15 children with corrosive esophageal strictures who underwent endoscopic esophageal dilation in Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The clinical features, treatment modality of endoscopic esophageal dilation, number of dilations, complications, and prognosis were reviewed.

The impact of exclusive enteral nutrition on the gut microbiome and bile acid metabolism in pediatric Crohn's disease.

Background: Gut dysbiosis and associated bile acid (BA) metabolism play an important role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). We investigated the impacts of the exclusive enteral nutrition treatment (EEN) on the gut microbiome (GM) and BAs metabolism for patients with CD.

Methods: Targeted metabolomics analysis and metagenomics analysis were performed in feces to investigate the BA and GM changes of patients before and after 2-months EEN therapy.

Outcomes of Pediatric Patients with Crohn's Disease Received Infliximab or Exclusive Enteral Nutrition during Induction Remission.

Background: Both exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) and infliximab (IFX) are recommended as induction therapy for pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). Our aim was to compare long-term disease outcomes of patients initially received with either IFX or EEN.

Methods: Medical records of newly diagnosed, therapy naïve pediatric patients with CD received with IFX or EEN as induction therapy were retrospectively enrolled.

Recurrent abdominal pain and vomiting with elevated triglyceride and positive antinuclear antibody in a girl aged 12 years.

A girl aged 12 years and 2 months presented with recurrent abdominal pain and vomiting for more than 2 years and arthrodynia for 3 months. She was diagnosed with recurrent acute pancreatitis with unknown causes and had been admitted multiple times. Laboratory tests showed recurrent significant increases in fasting serum triglyceride, with elevated immunoglobulin and positive antinuclear antibody.

Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in children.

Background: Severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in children has recently exhibited a global trend of concentrated occurrence. This review aimed to summarize the current available information regarding the outbreak of severe acute hepatitis and introduce our hospital's previous experiences with the diagnosis and treatment of severe acute hepatitis for reference.

Data Sources: Websites including the UK Health Security Agency, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, CDC, WHO, and databases including PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science were searched for articles on severe acute hepatitis in children.

60-nt DNA Direct Detection without Pretreatment by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering with Polycationic Modified Ag Microcrystal Derived from AgCl Cube.

Direct detection of long-strand DNA by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a valuable method for diagnosis of hereditary diseases, but it is currently limited to less than 25-nt DNA strand in pure water, which makes this approach unsuitable for many real-life applications. Here, we report a 60-nt DNA label-free detection strategy without pretreatment by SERS with polyquaternium-modified Ag microcrystals derived from an AgCl cube. Through the reduction-induced decomposition, the size of the about 3 × 3 × 3 μm AgCl cube is reduced to Ag, and the surface is distributed with the uniform size of 63 nm silver nanoparticles, providing a large area of a robust and highly electromagnetic enhancement region.

Rotavirus and adenovirus infections in children during COVID-19 outbreak in Hangzhou, China.

Background: This study aims to investigate the impact of protective measures and isolation on intestinal infection in children before and after COVID-19 outbreak in Hangzhou, China.

Methods: Data on outpatient visits, intestinal infection visits, and tests of adenovirus or rotavirus from electronic healthcare records were extracted in Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine during the COVID-19 outbreak (January-December, 2020), and be compared with those in 2019 during the same period.

Results: We found that pediatric outpatient visits, patients with intestinal infection and its proportion from January to December of 2020 were significantly less than that in the same period of 2019.

A new self-passivating template with the phosphorothioate strategy to effectively improve the detection limit and applicability of exponential amplification reaction.

Exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR) has attracted much attention due to its simple primers and high amplification efficiency, but its applications are hindered by severe non-specificity amplification. Convenient exogenous chemical modification methods modified the entire template while inhibiting both non-specific and specific amplification. In this paper, we proposed a new self-passivating template with the phosphorothioate strategy to effectively improve the detection limit and applicability of EXPAR.

Case Report: Identification of a Novel Homozygous Mutation in Gene of a Chinese Child With Transient Infantile Hypertriglyceridemia.

Transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, hypohepatia, hepatomegaly, hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in infancy. Mutations in gene are considered the causative factor but the underlying mechanism of this disorder is still enigmatic. To date, only 24 different mutations have been reported in the literature worldwide with transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia or relevant conditions.

Nasogastric or nasojejunal feeding in pediatric acute pancreatitis: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare nasogastric (NG) feeding with nasojejunal (NJ) feeding when treating pediatric patients with acute pancreatitis (AP).

Methods: We performed a single-center, prospective, randomized, active-controlled trial involving 77 pediatric patients with AP from April 2014 to December 2017. The patients were randomized into two groups: the NG tube feeding group (34 patients) and the NJ tube feeding group (33 patients).

Synergism of rMV-Hu191 with cisplatin to treat gastric cancer by acid sphingomyelinase-mediated apoptosis requiring integrity of lipid raft microdomains.

Background: DDP-based chemotherapy is one of the first-line treatment in GC. However, the therapeutic efficacy of DDP is limited due to side effects. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop novel adjuvants to synergize with DDP.

Poor Concordance Between Clinical Activity and Endoscopic Severity in Pediatric Crohn's Disease: Before and After Induction Therapy.

Objectives And Study: Endoscopic assessments of disease activity are important to diagnose and evaluate treatment responses in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). However, the invasiveness of endoscopy limits the application of this technique in routine examination. Thus, interest has been increasing in identifying noninvasive surrogate markers to predict endoscopic CD activity.

Clinical and Genetic Spectra of Inherited Liver Disease in Children in China.

Children presenting with chronic liver disease or acute liver failure often have an underlying genetic disorder. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and genetic spectra of inherited liver disease in children in a tertiary hospital. A total of 172 patients were classified into three groups according to their clinical presentation: cholestasis (Group A), liver enzyme elevation (Group B), and hepato/splenomegaly (Group C).

Atypical late-onset severe gastritis in immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and X-linked (IPEX) syndrome: 2 case reports.

Rationale: The immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a rare disorder that most often manifests in the early stages of life. IPEX syndrome with a late onset, presenting with severe gastritis has rarely been reported.

Patient Concerns: Two male adolescents presented with recurrent vomiting, severe malnutrition, and growth retardation due to severe gastritis.

DGAT1 mutations leading to delayed chronic diarrhoea: a case report.

Background: Early-onset chronic diarrhoea often indicates a congenital disorder. Mutation in diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) has recently been linked to early-onset chronic diarrhoea. To date, only a few cases of DGAT1 deficiency have been reported.

Infliximab Therapy in Very Early Onset Crohn's Disease: Real-World Experience in China.

Background: Data concerning of the effectiveness of infliximab in very early onset Crohn's disease patients are rare.

Aim: To assess the effectiveness and safety issues of infliximab treatment for this rare cohort.

Methods: The pediatric Crohn's disease activity index, Crohn's disease endoscopic index score, height, and weight were retrospectively recorded at baseline, week 14, and week 54.

Pediatric radiation enteritis with intestinal failure: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Chronic radiation enteritis, a disease secondary to radiation exposure, has been widely reported in adults. However, few studies have described chronic radiation enteritis in children. Early diagnosis is essential, and nutrition management plays an important role in pediatric chronic radiation enteritis management.

[Inflammatory bowel disease with growth hormone deficiency in adolescents: an analysis of 4 cases and literature review].

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent non-specific inflammatory disease in the intestinal tract. About 10%-56% of children with Crohn's disease and about 10% of children with ulcerative colitis have growth retardation. This study reports four adolescents with IBD and growth hormone deficiency who were diagnosed with Crohn's disease.

[Clinical features and prognosis of gastrointestinal injury due to foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract in children: a retrospective analysis of 217 cases].

Objective: To study the clinical features and prognosis of gastrointestinal injury caused by foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract in children.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 217 children who were diagnosed with foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract complicated by gastrointestinal injury by gastroscopy from January 2011 to December 2016, including clinical features, gastroscopic findings, complications, and prognosis.

Results: Among the 217 children, 114 (52.

A case of Metaplastic atrophic gastritis in immune Dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome.

Background: Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis is a chronic progressive inflammatory condition. The clinical spectrum includes pernicious anemia, atrophic gastritis, antibodies to parietal cell antigens and intrinsic factor, achlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and carcinoma. It is rare in paediatric cohorts.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of inflammatory bowel disease in children under six years of age in China.

Aim: To analyze clinical differences between monogenic and nonmonogenic very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) and to characterize monogenic IBD phenotypically and genotypically genetic testing.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of children aged 0 to 6 years diagnosed with VEO-IBD in a tertiary hospital in southern China from 2005 to 2017 was performed. Clinical data for VEO-IBD patients were collected, and genetic characteristics were analyzed using whole exome sequencing or target gene panel sequencing.

Exclusive Enteral Nutrition versus Infliximab in Inducing Therapy of Pediatric Crohn's Disease.

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) and infliximab (IFX) therapy in pediatric Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: In a prospective study of children initiating EEN or infliximab therapy for CD, we compared clinical outcomes using the pediatric Crohn's disease activity index (PCDAI), growth improvement, endoscopic mucosal healing, and adverse effects. Data were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of therapy.