How do immune cells shape type 1 diabetes? Insights from Mendelian randomization.

Objective: The role of immune cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the causal effect of different immune cells on T1D using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: A dataset of immune cell phenotypes (numbered from GCST0001391 to GCST0002121) was obtained from the European Bioinformatics Institute, while a T1D dataset (numbered finngen_R10_T1D) was obtained from FinnGen.

Cbl-b inhibition improves manufacturing efficiency and antitumoral efficacy of anti-CD19 CAR-T cells.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells represent a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy, yet their efficacy is hindered by immunosuppressive signals in the tumor microenvironment. Casitas B-cell lymphoma protein b (Cbl-b) is a key negative regulator of T cell function. This study investigated whether inhibiting Cbl-b enhances the antitumor activity of human CAR-T cells.

NRP1 instructs IL-17-producing ILC3s to drive colitis progression.

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) control tissue homeostasis and orchestrate mucosal inflammation; however, the precise mechanisms governing ILC3 activity are fully understood. Here, we identified the transmembrane protein neuropilin-1 (NRP1) as a positive regulator of interleukin (IL)-17-producing ILC3s in the intestine. NRP1 was markedly upregulated in intestinal mucosal biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) compared with healthy controls.

Tumor metastasis and recurrence: The role of perioperative NETosis.

Although surgical resection of tumor mass remains the mainstay of curative therapeutic management for solid tumors, accumulating studies suggest that these procedures promote tumor recurrence and metastasis. Regarded as the first immune cells to fight against infectious or inflammatory insults from surgery, neutrophils along with their ability of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) production has attracted much attention. A growing body of evidence suggests that NETs promote cancer metastasis by stimulating various stages, including local invasion, colonization, and growth.

Ultrathin composite polymer electrolyte with ordered ion pathways for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries.

Thin yet robust solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with efficient Li transport are highly desirable for realizing high-energy-density all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries (ASSLMBs). Herein, an ultrathin (10 μm) SSE with ordered ion pathways is reported for scalable ASSLMBs production. The SSE is supported by the poly (ether sulfone) scaffold, which not only improves mechanical strength and safety capability but also enables low-tortuous Li transport along the inner walls of its vertically aligned microchannels.

SHIP-1 Differentially Regulates IgE-Induced IL-10 and Antiviral Responses in Human Monocytes.

IgE-mediated stimulation of monocytes regulates multiple cellular functions including cellular maturation, cytokine release, antiviral responses, and T-cell differentiation. Expression of the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI, is closely linked to serum IgE levels and atopic disease. The signaling molecules regulating FcεRI effector functions have been well studied in mast cells and basophils; however, less is known about the signaling and regulatory mechanisms in monocytes.

Boosted Efficiency of FeO for Photocatalytic CO Reduction via Engineering Fe-O-Ti Bonding.

Visible light-driven photocatalytic CO reduction (CORR) offers a sustainable and promising solution to environmental and energy challenges. However, the design of efficient photocatalysts is hindered by poor interface interactions in heterojunctions and a limited understanding of reaction kinetics. A modified FeO photocatalyst, M-FeO@MXene, is introduced featuring KH-550-modified M-FeO hollow nanocubes coated with MXene, constructed via an electrostatic and Fe-O-Ti bonding self-assembly method.

Evolving cell states and oncogenic drivers during the progression of IDH-mutant gliomas.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutants define a class of gliomas that are initially slow-growing but inevitably progress to fatal disease. To characterize their malignant cell hierarchy, we profiled chromatin accessibility and gene expression across single cells from low-grade and high-grade IDH-mutant gliomas and ascertained their developmental states through a comparison to normal brain cells. We provide evidence that these tumors are initially fueled by slow-cycling oligodendrocyte progenitor cell-like cells.

Unequal causality between autoimmune thyroiditis and inflammatory bowel disease: a Mendelian randomization study.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the causal relationship between autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained from FinnGen. Exposure-outcome causality was assessed using inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median.

Efficacy observation of combined transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation on gait in 169 subacute stroke patients.

Objective: To investigate the combined effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation on improving lower limb function in stroke patients.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Subjects/patients: Subacute stroke patients.

Metrics of Physiological Network Topology Are Novel Biomarkers to Capture Functional Disability and Health.

Background: Physiological networks are highly complex, integrating connections among multiple organ systems and their dynamic changes underlying human aging. It is unknown whether individual-level network could serve as robust biomarkers for health and aging.

Methods: We used personalized network analysis to construct a single-sample network and examine the associations between network properties and functional disability in the Rugao Longevity and Aging Study (RuLAS), the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Crystal structure of the alternative complex III from the phototrophic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus.

Alternative complex III (ACIII) is a multi-subunit quinol:electron acceptor oxidoreductase that couples quinol oxidation with transmembrane proton translocation in bacterial respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport chains. Four ACIII cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures are known. However, the effects of cryo-EM versus X-ray crystallography structure determination on ACIII structure are unclear.

Association of Homelessness and Unstable Housing With Cardiovascular Care Utilization Among Veterans.

Background: Veterans are disproportionately more likely to experience homelessness and unstable housing (HUH) compared with the general population. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among Veterans experiencing HUH. We aimed to understand whether HUH status among Veterans with preexisting cardiovascular disease was associated with disparities in cardiovascular care access and utilization.

The causality between gut microbiota and functional dyspepsia: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.

To investigate the potential link between gut microbiota and functional dyspepsia (FD). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of gut microbiota and FD were used in Mendelian randomization (MR) research. Using the GWAS of 18,340 people, instrumental variables related to gut microbiota as an exposure factor were identified.

Optimizing spatial accuracy in electroencephalography reconstruction through diffuse optical tomography priors in the auditory cortex.

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) enhances the localization accuracy of neural activity measured with electroencephalography (EEG) while preserving EEG's high temporal resolution. However, the spatial resolution of reconstructed activity diminishes for deeper neural sources. In this study, we analyzed DOT-enhanced EEG localization of neural sources modeled at depths ranging from 11-25 mm in simulations.

Exploring the impact and influence of melanin on frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy measurements.

Significance: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive optical method that measures changes in hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation. The measured light intensity is susceptible to reduced signal quality due to the presence of melanin.

Aim: We quantify the influence of melanin concentration on NIRS measurements taken with a frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy system using 690 and 830 nm.

Effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on type 2 diabetes and the mediated effect of obesity: a Mendelian randomization study.

Objective: Whether the role of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on type 2 diabetes (T2D) is mediated by obesity or other mediating factors is controversial. This study was designed to assess the impact of PTSD on genetic susceptibility to T2D and mediating factors.

Methods: The datasets for PTSD, T2D, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking status, and alcohol consumption were obtained from genome-wide association studies.

Sensitivity analysis of transabdominal fetal pulse oximetry using MRI-based simulations.

Transabdominal fetal pulse oximetry offers a promising approach to improve fetal monitoring and reduce unnecessary interventions. Utilizing realistic 3D geometries derived from MRI scans of pregnant women, we conducted photon simulations to determine optimal source-detector configurations for detecting fetal heart rate and oxygenation. Our findings demonstrate the theoretical feasibility of measuring fetal signals at depths up to 30 mm using source-detector (SD) distances greater than 100 mm and wavelengths between 730 and 850 nm.