Oxidative Stress in Cataract Formation: Is There a Treatment Approach on the Horizon?

Cataracts, a leading cause of blindness worldwide, are closely linked to oxidative stress-induced damage to lens epithelial cells (LECs). Key factors contributing to cataract formation include aging, arterial hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Given the high global prevalence of cataracts, the burden of cataract-related visual impairment is substantial, highlighting the need for pharmacological strategies to supplement surgical interventions.

Enhancing radiosensitivity in osteosarcoma via CDKN2C overexpression: A mechanism involving G1 phase arrest mediated by inhibition of CDK4 expression and Thr172 phosphorylation.

Background: The limited radiosensitivity of osteosarcoma poses a challenge in applying radiotherapy, necessitating the search for effective radiosensitizing targets.

Methods: The lentiviral vectors were employed to establish CDKN2C-overexpressing (CDKN2C-OE) and CDKN2C-negative control (CDKN2C-NC) HOS and U2OS osteosarcoma cells. Cells were treated with or without irradiation (IR) to assess radiosensitization via viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle analysis.

Disulfiram Upgrades the Radiosensitivity of Osteosarcoma by Enhancing Apoptosis and P53-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest.

The prognosis of osteosarcoma has not been improved for decades. As radioresistance is one of the major reasons, effective radiotherapy sensitization drugs need to be discovered. HOS and K7M2 osteosarcoma cell lines were treated with disulfiram (DSF) and radiation to assess cell viability, proliferation, migration ability, apoptosis level, ROS and Ca2+ level, and cell cycle in vitro.

Construction and clinical significance of prognostic risk markers based on cancer driver genes in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Cancer driver genes (CDGs) have been reported as key factors influencing the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the role of CDGs in LUAD prognosis has not been fully elucidated.

Methods: LUAD transcriptome data and CDG-related data were obtained from public databases and literature.

A Porous Li-Al Alloy Anode toward High-Performance Sulfide-Based All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries.

Compared to lithium (Li) anode, the alloy/Li-alloy anodes show more compatible with sulfide solid electrolytes (SSEs), and are promising candidates for practical SSE-based all-solid-state Li batteries (ASSLBs). In this work, a porous Li-Al alloy (LiAl-p) anode is crafted using a straightforward mechanical pressing method. Various characterizations confirm the porous nature of such anode, as well as rich oxygen species on its surface.

Interleukin-11 Is Involved in Hyperoxia-induced Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Newborn Mice by Mediating Epithelium-Fibroblast Cross-talk.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disorder predominantly affecting preterm infants. Oxygen therapy, a common treatment for BPD, often leads to hyperoxia-induced pulmonary damage, particularly targeting alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). Crucially, disrupted lung epithelium-fibroblast interactions significantly contribute to BPD's pathogenesis.

Identification and Expression Profile of Genes in L. during Drought Stress.

Peanut ( L.) is an important crop that provides essential proteins and oils for human and animal consumption. 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) have been found can play a vital role in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and may be a response to drought stress.

Screening Methods for Cervical Cancer.

Cervical cancer seriously affects the health of women worldwide. Persistent infection of high-risk HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) can lead to cervical cancer. There is a great need for timely and efficient screening methods for cervical cancer.

The crosstalk between mitochondrial quality control and metal-dependent cell death.

Mitochondria are the centers of energy and material metabolism, and they also serve as the storage and dispatch hubs of metal ions. Damage to mitochondrial structure and function can cause abnormal levels and distribution of metal ions, leading to cell dysfunction and even death. For a long time, mitochondrial quality control pathways such as mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy have been considered to inhibit metal-induced cell death.

Metabolic mechanism of astaxanthin biosynthesis in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous in response to sodium citrate treatment.

Astaxanthin is an important ketocarotenoid widely used in industries. However, its application is limited because of its low yield. Sodium citrate (Na-citrate), one of the major carbon sources for microorganisms, can promote cell growth and product accumulation.

Combined Mutual Learning Net for Raman Spectral Microbial Strain Identification.

Infectious diseases pose a significant threat to global health, yet traditional microbiological identification methods suffer from drawbacks, such as high costs and long processing times. Raman spectroscopy, a label-free and noninvasive technique, provides rich chemical information and has tremendous potential in fast microbial diagnoses. Here, we propose a novel Combined Mutual Learning Net that precisely identifies microbial subspecies.

Dielectric Tetramer Nanoresonators Supporting Strong Superchiral Fields for Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy.

Chirality () is a fundamental property of objects, in terms of symmetry. It is extremely important to sense and distinguish chiral molecules in the fields of biochemistry, science, and medicine. Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy, obtained from the differential absorption of left- and right- circularly polarized light (CPL) in the infrared range, is a promising technique for enantiomeric detection and separation.

Effects of a novel GXYX crude lipopeptide against serovar Typhimurium infection in mice.

The increased rate of antibiotic resistance strongly limits the resolution of enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection. Therefore, new strategies to control bacterial infections are urgently needed.

Ferritinophagy: A novel insight into the double-edged sword in ferritinophagy-ferroptosis axis and human diseases.

Nuclear receptor coactive 4 (NCOA4), which functions as a selective cargo receptor, is a critical regulator of the particularly autophagic degradation of ferritin, a process known as ferritinophagy. Mechanistically, NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy performs an increasingly vital role in the maintenance of intracellular iron homeostasis by promoting ferritin transport and iron release as needed. Ferritinophagy is not only involved in iron-dependent responses but also in the pathogenesis and progression of various human diseases, including metabolism-related, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and infectious diseases.

The water extract of Amydrium sinense (Engl.) H. Li ameliorates Isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy through inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective: Pathologic cardiac hypertrophy (PCH) is a precursor to heart failure. Amydrium sinense (Engl.) H.

3D bioprinting of Salvianolic acid B-sodium alginate-gelatin skin scaffolds promotes diabetic wound repair via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and proangiogenic effects.

In patients with diabetic wounds, wound healing is impaired due to the presence of persistent oxidative stress, an altered inflammatory response, and impaired angiogenesis and epithelization. Salvianolic acid B (SAB), which is derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been found to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and proangiogenic effects. Previous studies have used 3D bioprinting technology incorporating sodium alginate (SA) and gelatin (Gel) as basic biomaterials to successfully produce artificial skin.

Establishment of a juvenile mouse asthma model induced by postnatal hyperoxia exposure combined with early OVA sensitization.

Objective: To establish a juvenile mouse asthma model by postnatal hyperoxia exposure combined with early ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization.

Methods: Female C57BL/6J newborn mice were exposed to hyperoxia (95 % O) from postnatal day-1 (PND1) to PND7; intraperitoneally injected with OVA suspension on PND21, PND28; and stimulated by nebulized inhalation of 1 % OVA from PND36 to PND42. Within 48 h of the last challenge, we observed their activity performance and evaluated airway responsiveness (AHR).

Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite on 3D-Printed Nanoattapulgite/Polycaprolactone Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration of Rat Cranium Defects.

Nanoattapulgite (nano-ATP), a magnesium-aluminum silicate clay, can absorb substances and is a suitable material for bone repair and regeneration. In this study, using three-dimensional printing technology, a nano-ATP/polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold was fabricated and modified using NaOH to form a rough surface. Biomimetic hydroxyapatite (HA) on nano-ATP/PCL scaffolds was fabricated using a biomineralized approach.

Fluorinated Iron Metal-Organic Frameworks for Activatable F Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Synergistic Therapy of Tumors.

Due to their appealing physiochemical properties, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely employed in biomedical fields. In this study, we utilize ferric ions and fluorine-containing organic ligands as both structural and functional units to develop a stimulus-responsive nanoagent, FIMOF-TA nanoparticles, for activatable F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and synergistic therapy of tumors. This nanoagent could respond to excess GSH in a tumor microenvironment, discharging fluorinated organic ligands and reduced ferrous ions.

Biomineralized tetramethylpyrazine-loaded PCL/gelatin nanofibrous membrane promotes vascularization and bone regeneration of rat cranium defects.

Conventional electrospinning produces nanofibers with smooth surfaces that limit biomineralization ability. To overcome this disadvantage, we fabricated a tetramethylpyrazine (TMP)-loaded matrix-mimicking biomineralization in PCL/Gelatin composite electrospun membranes with bubble-shaped nanofibrous structures. PCL/Gelatin membranes (PG), PCL/Gelatin membranes containing biomineralized hydroxyapatite (HA) (PGH), and PCL/Gelatin membranes containing biomineralized HA and loaded TMP (PGHT) were tested.

Recruitment of PVT1 Enhances YTHDC1-Mediated m6A Modification of IL-33 in Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury During Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that specifically affects preterm infants. Oxygen therapy administered to treat BPD can lead to hyperoxia-induced lung injury, characterized by apoptosis of lung alveolar epithelial cells. Our epitranscriptomic microarray analysis of normal mice lungs and hyperoxia-stimulated mice lungs revealed elevated RNA expression levels of IL-33, as well as increased m6A RNA methylation levels of IL-33 and PVT1 in the hyperoxia-stimulated lungs.

[Recent research on the relationship between pulmonary microbiome and asthma endotypes in children].

Bronchial asthma is not considered a singular disease, but rather a collection of syndromes with multiple phenotypes and mechanisms that involve various signaling pathways. It typically emerges during the preschool years, and its etiology is intricate and diverse. In recent years, the advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology has revealed that early alterations in lung microbiota may be associated with asthma incidence and progression.

Polystyrene nanoplastics induce apoptosis of human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells via oxidative stress and MAPK signaling pathways.

Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) have recently been found to be present in human blood and kidney. However, the renal toxicity of PS-NPs and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that exposure of PS-NPs induced apoptosis of human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) in a size- and dose-dependent manner as revealed by AnnexinV-FITC assay.