Gold Single Atom Doped Defective Nanoporous Copper Octahedrons for Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene.

Electrocatalytic CO reduction into high-value multicarbon products offers a sustainable approach to closing the anthropogenic carbon cycle and contributing to carbon neutrality, particularly when renewable electricity is used to power the reaction. However, the lack of efficient and durable electrocatalysts with high selectivity for multicarbons severely hinders the practical application of this promising technology. Herein, a nanoporous defective AuCu single-atom alloy (De-AuCu SAA) catalyst is developed through facile low-temperature thermal reduction in hydrogen and a subsequent dealloying process, which shows high selectivity toward ethylene (CH), with a Faradaic efficiency of 52% at the current density of 252 mA cm under a potential of -1.

Responses of microbial communities in coastal sediments exposed to triclocarban and triclosan.

Triclocarban (TCC) and triclosan (TCS) are applied in a wide range of pharmaceutical and personal care products to prevent or reduce bacterial growth. Due to their extensive application, they are frequently detected in marine environments. In this study, marine sediment systems exposed to different concentrations of TCC and TCS were established to evaluate their effects on microbial communities.

Colon-targeted engineered postbiotics nanoparticles alleviate osteoporosis through the gut-bone axis.

The potential for mitigating intestinal inflammation through the gut-bone axis in the treatment of osteoporosis is significant. While various gut-derived postbiotics or bacterial metabolites have been created as dietary supplements to prevent or reverse bone loss, their efficacy and safety still need improvement. Herein, a colon-targeted drug delivery system is developed using surface engineering of polyvinyl butyrate nanoparticles by shellac resin to achieve sustained release of postbiotics butyric acid at the colorectal site.

Healthy Lifestyle and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Study of the Efficacy of Fatty Liver Regression.

Introduction: Obesity is the primary cause of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Healthy lifestyle management has potential value in the treatment of MASLD.

Methods: A total of 150 patients with MASLD diagnosed at the Health Management Center of our hospital were enrolled and randomly divided into a traditional treatment (control group, n = 75) and a healthy lifestyle group (observation group, n = 75).

Study on driving factors of island ecosystem health and multi-scenario ecology simulation using ecological conservation and eco-friendly tourism for achieving sustainability.

Maintaining ecosystem health on islands is essential for constructing an ecologically balanced civilization and supporting sustainable development of island tourism. This study provided a quantitative analysis of the ecosystem's evolution on Hainan Island from 2000 to 2020, meticulously investigating the interplay between biodiversity, tourism, and local economic activities on ecosystem health. Additionally, it simulated ecosystem health in 2030 across four distinct scenarios: ecological conservation, eco-friendly tourism, natural development, and economic growth.

Exclusive Generation of Single-Atom Sulfur for Ultrahigh Quality Monolayer MoS Growth.

Preparation of high-quality two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is the precondition for realizing their applications. However, the synthesized 2D TMDCs (e.g.

Direct activation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling in group 2 innate lymphoid cells contributes to inflammatory responses of allergic diseases.

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are key players in type 2 immunity, but whether they can be directly activated by microbial ligands remain uncertain. In this study, we observed a positive correlation between blood endotoxin (LPS) levels and circulating ILC2s in allergic patients. , LPS robustly induced ILC2 proliferation and production of type 2 effector cytokines.

LLM-Enhanced multimodal detection of fake news.

Fake news detection is growing in importance as a key topic in the information age. However, most current methods rely on pre-trained small language models (SLMs), which face significant limitations in processing news content that requires specialized knowledge, thereby constraining the efficiency of fake news detection. To address these limitations, we propose the FND-LLM Framework, which effectively combines SLMs and LLMs to enhance their complementary strengths and explore the capabilities of LLMs in multimodal fake news detection.

Toxicological and mechanistic insights into organic contaminants released from on-line membrane cleaning during ultrafiltration of algal-containing waters.

Eutrophication has significantly challenged the treatment of algae-contaminated water. Ultrafiltration has become an essential method for water purification, though frequent on-line chemical cleaning is necessary to maintain membrane permeability. This study aims to systematically investigate the impact of various chemical cleaning agents on the release of dissolved organic matters and toxic by-products, particularly from algal cells.

Realization of chiral two-mode Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick models via acoustics.

Theare mimicked in a potential hybrid quantum system, involving two ensembles of solid-state spins coupled to a pair of interconnected surface-acoustic-wave cavities. With the assistance of dichromatic classical optical drives featuring chiral designs, it can simulate two-mode LMG-type long-range spin-spin interactions with left-right asymmetry. For applications, this unconventional LMG model can not only engineer both ensembles of collective spins into two-mode spin-squeezed states but also simulate novel quantum critical phenomena and time crystal behaviors, among others.

CCL25 contributes to the pathogenesis of D-Gal/LPS-induced acute liver failure.

Background And Aim: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a fatal clinical syndrome of severe hepatic dysfunction. Chemokines promote liver diseases by recruiting and activating immune cells. We aimed to investigate the role of C-C chemokine ligand 25 (CCL25) in ALF.

Association of ADAMTS-5 gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis in a Chinese Han population.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent type of arthritis and the main reason for progressive disability in middle-aged and older people. Studies of candidate genes may provide a novel insight and treatment strategy for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between KOA susceptibility and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the ADAMTS-5 gene.

Hypermethylation of the glutathione peroxidase 4 promoter predicts poor prognosis in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Background: Hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is a syn-drome with a high short-term mortality rate, and its prognosis is critical in clinical management. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in the occurrence and development of HBV-ACLF and its prognostic value for 90-day mortality.

Methods: The expression levels of GPX4, oxidative stress-related molecules and inflammatory cytokines in serum or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 289 participants were determined by RT-qPCR or ELISA, and the methylation level of GPX4 promoter in PBMCs was determined by MethyLight.

Optimal virtual monochromatic images for assessing metastatic lateral cervical lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma using dual‑layer spectral detector computed tomography.

Purpose: To determine the optimal virtual monochromatic images (VMIs) from dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography for the visualization and diagnosis of metastatic lateral cervical lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods: Ninety-five lateral cervical LNs (49 metastatic and 46 non-metastatic) derived from 24 patients (16 females; mean age, 40.0 ± 13.

Fire-resistant and low-temperature self-healing bio-based hydrogel electrolytes based on peach gum polysaccharide/sisal nanofibers for flexible supercapacitors.

The introduction of flame retardancy and low-temperature self-healing capacities in hydrogel electrolytes are crucial for promoting the cycle stability and durability of the flexible supercapacitors in extreme environments. Herein, biomass-based dual-network hydrogel electrolyte (named PSBGL), was synthesized with borax crosslinked peach gum polysaccharide/sisal nanofibers composite, and its application in flexible supercapacitors was also investigated in detail. The dynamic cross-linking of the dual-network endows the PSBGL with excellent self-healing performance, enabling ultrafast self-healing within seconds at both room temperature and extreme low temperatures.

Erythroid-intrinsic activation of TLR8 impairs erythropoiesis in inherited anemia.

Inherited non-hemolytic anemia is a group of rare bone marrow disorders characterized by erythroid defects. Although concerted efforts have been made to explore the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases, the understanding of the causative mutations are still incomplete. Here we identify in a diseased pedigree that a gain-of-function mutation in toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) is implicated in inherited non-hemolytic anemia.

The heterogeneity of erythroid cells: insight at the single-cell transcriptome level.

Erythroid cells, the most prevalent cell type in blood, are one of the earliest products and permeate through the entire process of hematopoietic development in the human body, the oxygen-transporting function of which is crucial for maintaining overall health and life support. Previous investigations into erythrocyte differentiation and development have primarily focused on population-level analyses, lacking the single-cell perspective essential for comprehending the intricate pathways of erythroid maturation, differentiation, and the encompassing cellular heterogeneity. The continuous optimization of single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology, or single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), provides a powerful tool for life sciences research, which has a particular superiority in the identification of unprecedented cell subgroups, the analyzing of cellular heterogeneity, and the transcriptomic characteristics of individual cells.

Genetically Engineered Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Enhanced Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Targeting and Ferroptosis Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Conventional androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) targets the androgen receptor (AR) inhibiting prostate cancer (PCa) progression; however, it can eventually lead to recurrence as castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), which has high mortality rates and lacks effective treatment modalities. The study confirms the presence of high glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression, a key regulator of ferroptosis (i.e.

Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Furan-Tethered Benzocyclobutenes via Carbene-Mediated 1,4-Sulfinate Migration-Annulation.

A copper-catalyzed intramolecular cascade reaction of conjugated enynones has been achieved via a pivotal 1,4-sulfinate migration step. This process leverages a cost-effective and ecofriendly copper salt as catalyst, enabling the efficient construction of five- and four-membered rings in a rapid, sequential manner, producing furan-tethered benzocyclobutenes in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. The reaction is characterized by 100% atom economy, outstanding efficiency, and excellent diastereoselectivity in the cases studied.