Characterization of the immune cell infiltration patterns in lung adenocarcinoma to facilitate immunotherapy.

Although Immunotherapy has emerged as an efficient treatment in lung carcinoma, merely a subset of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients could be benefited from it. Increasing evidence revealed that tumor immune cell infiltrating (ICI) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly related to patient prognosis and characteristics of the tumor. Thus far, the immune cell infiltration patterns of LUAD remain unclear.

Long-Term Erythromycin Treatment Alters the Airway and Gut Microbiota: Data from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients and Mice with Emphysema.

Introduction: Although long-term macrolide antibiotics could reduce the recurrent exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the side effect of bacterial resistance and the impact on the microbiota remain concerning. We investigated the influence of long-term erythromycin treatment on the airway and gut microbiota in mice with emphysema and patients with COPD.

Methods: We conducted 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the effect of erythromycin treatment on the lung and gut microbiota in mice with emphysema.

The influence of novel coronavirus pneumonia on chronic disease management of asthma-a narrative review.

Background And Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has taken a huge global toll on all fronts, creating new challenges for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases. For chronic management of asthma, on the one hand, the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may affect the asthma disease itself; on the other hand, in order to control the spread of the pandemic, forced isolation, mask-wearing and various disinfection measures also have an impact on the condition and medication of asthma patients. This article reviews the changes in chronic asthma management under the COVID-19 pandemic to provide reference for chronic disease management of asthma after the pandemic and for various public health emergencies in the future.

Case report: Target and immunotherapy of a lung adenocarcinoma with enteric differentiation, mutation, and high microsatellite instability.

Background: Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC) is a rare histological subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a predominant (>50%) enteric differentiation component. The frequency of high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) is very low in lung cancer. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy are standard treatment for NSCLC patients, but their effectiveness in lung adenocarcinoma with pulmonary enteric differentiation is unknown.

Importance of GWAS Risk Loci and Clinical Data in Predicting Asthma Using Machine-learning Approaches.

Introduction: To understand the risk factors of asthma, we combined genome-wide association study (GWAS) risk loci and clinical data in predicting asthma using machine-learning approaches.

Methods: A case-control study with 123 asthmatics and 100 controls was conducted in the Zhuang population in Guangxi. GWAS risk loci were detected using polymerase chain reaction, and clinical data were collected.

Clinical Characteristics, Course, and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Talaromyces marneffei Infection: A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei), a dimorphic fungus, causes local or disseminated infection in humans. We aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival outcomes of patients with T.

Short-acting beta-2 agonist prescription patterns and clinical outcomes in Chinese patients with asthma: an observational study in mainland China for the SABINA programme.

Objectives: The SABINA CHINA study aimed to determine prescription data for asthma medication with a focus on SABA and ICS in a representative population of patients with asthma in China.

Methods: SABINA China was a multicentre, observational, cross-sectional study with data collected retrospectively from a convenience sample of 25 tertiary centres across China. Patients (age ⩾ 12 years) with ⩾3 consultations/year were enrolled.

Emerging Role of Long Non‑coding RNAs in Asthma.

Asthma is a common complex disorder characterized by hyper-responsiveness and chronic inflammatory airway disease in children and adults worldwide. The prevalence of asthma is increasing with each passing year. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), regarded as a potentially promising path, have received increasing attention in exploring the biological regulation of chronic airway diseases, although they have no or limited protein-coding capacity.

Therapeutic Mechanism of Xiaoqinglong Decoction against COVID-19 Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology.

Background: A xiaoqinglong decoction (XQLD) has been proven effective in treating severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases; however, the mechanism remains unclear.

Objective: In the current study, we used network pharmacology and molecular docking technology to identify the effective components, potential targets, and biological pathways of XQLD against COVID-19.

Methods: Public databases were searched to determine the putative targets of the active compounds of XQLD and COVID-19-related targets.

Screening and Identification of Hub Genes in the Corticosteroid Resistance Network in Human Airway Epithelial Cells Microarray Analysis.

Corticosteroid resistance is a major barrier to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the exact mechanism of corticosteroid resistance in COPD has been less well studied. The microarray dataset GSE11906, which includes genomic and clinical data on COPD, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using R software. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) were utilized to enrich and analyze the gene cohort related to the response to steroid hormones, respectively.

Disseminated Coinfection by and in a Non-HIV Case.

Background: is a rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) with weak pathogenicity. Here, we present a rare case of disseminated and coinfection in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative patient.

Case Presentation: A 28-year-old female was admitted to our hospital due to 2 months of swelling of lymph nodes on the right side of her cervix, accompanied by repeated low fever for more than 1 month.

Erythromycin inhibits cigarette smoke-induced inflammation through regulating the PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway in macrophages.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airway and lungs. Accumulating evidence has suggested that erythromycin (EM) plays a protective role against cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. However, the underlying mechanisms remain relatively unclear.

Compare the Effect of Inhaled Corticosteroids and Systemic Corticosteroids on Sputum Microbiome of AECOPD.

To observe the effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and systemic corticosteroids (SCS) on the sputum microbiology of patients with AECOPD. The 16S rRNA sequencing results for sputum samples from 36 admitted AECOPD patients were analyzed using ICS or SCS on the basis of standard treatment; sputum samples were collected before and after treatment for 1 day, 7, and 14 days. After 7 days of SCS treatment, the bacterial abundance of , and decreased at the genus level.

A gene missense mutation in diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis with thrombocytopenia: A case report.

Introduction: Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis (DPL) is a rare condition. Most patients with DPL present dyspnea, cough, expectoration, and hemoptysis. There are few reports of DPL accompanied by thrombocytopenia, whose cause remains unknown.

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection and reactive dermatosis associated with adult-onset immunodeficiency due to anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies: A case report.

Introduction: Anti-interferon-gamma (anti-IFN-γ) autoantibody increases susceptibility to lower-virulence pathogens and causes immunodeficiency syndrome in HIV-negative patients.

Patient Concerns: A 69-year-old Chinese man presented with a 2-month history of pruritic skin lesions on his forearms, trunk, and legs. He was diagnosed with 5 opportunistic infections without conventional immunosuppression-associated factors in past.

Talaromyces marneffei infection relapse presenting as osteolytic destruction followed by suspected nontuberculous mycobacterium infection during 6 years of follow-up: A case update.

Talaromyces (formerly Penicillium) marneffei, a dimorphic fungus, is the most common opportunistic pathogen in human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV)-positive patients, but it rarely appears in HIV-negative individuals. Previously, in 2014, we reported the case of an HIV-negative Chinese woman with disseminated T. marneffei infection within an osteolytic lesion.

Richness of sputum microbiome in acute exacerbations of eosinophilic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: The eosinophilic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is known to be more sensitive to corticosteroid. The sputum microbiome has been shown to affect COPD prognosis, but its role in acute exacerbations of eosinophilic COPD is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of the airway microbiome in patients with acute exacerbations of eosinophilic COPD.

Talaromycosis-Associated Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Nine Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Purpose: (T.M) is an intracellular opportunistic fungus that causes invasive mycosis in patients with or without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) caused by T.

Association of GWAS-supported noncoding area loci rs404860, rs3117098, and rs7775228 with asthma in Chinese Zhuang population.

Background: Asthma is a complicated and polygenic inheritance disease, and its prevalence increases worldwide. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified a significant association of single nucleotide polymorphism with asthma in the Japanese population. This study aimed to examine the association of GWAS-supported noncoding area loci, namely rs404860, rs3117098, and rs7775228, with asthma in Chinese Zhuang population.

Diketopiperazines Synthesis Gene in and Roles of Diketopiperazines and Resveratrol in Quorum Sensing.

The synthesis pathways of quorum sensing (QS) signal molecules and the mechanism of action of quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) have gained considerable attention as research topics in the field of food preservation. Here, was detected as the specific spoilage organism in large yellow croaker during 4 °C storage, and it produced the QS signal molecules autoinducer-2 (AI-2) and diketopiperazines (DKPs). Then, a cyclodipeptide synthase (CDPS) homologous gene, , was screened, and knockout and rescue results revealed that this gene was involved in DKP synthesis but not in AI-2 synthesis, and it also played an important role in QS.

Erythromycin suppresses neutrophil extracellular traps in smoking-related chronic pulmonary inflammation.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may play a critical role in smoking-related chronic airway inflammation. However, the mechanism by which NETs induced by cigarette smoke initiate the adaptive immunity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not fully understood. In this study, we explored the effects of NETs induced by cigarette smoke on the myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and Th1 and Th17 cells.

Case report: Fever- pneumonia- lymphadenectasis- osteolytic- subcutaneous nodule: Disseminated chromoblastomycosis caused by phialophora.

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous fungal infection caused by certain dematiaceous fungi (usually Fonsecaea, Phialophora, or Cladophialophora). Histologically, CBM is characterized by the presence of medlar bodies. However, the diagnosis is difficult because of the rarity of these pathognomonic presentations and the wide variety of presentations.

Association of IL1RL1 rs3771180 and TSLP rs1837253 variants with asthma in the Guangxi Zhuang population in China.

Objective: IL-1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) play important roles in asthma in various ways. IL1RL1 rs3771180 and TSLP rs1837253 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with asthma in some European nationals but not in Zhuang people. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine the associations of IL1RL1 rs3771180 and TSLP rs1837253 with asthma in Zhuang people.