Burden of thyroid cancer in China and worldwide from 1990 to 2021: observation, comparison, and forecast from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the endocrine system in China. Current research primarily focuses on clinical diagnosis and treatment as well as underlying mechanisms, lacking epidemiological studies on the burden of the disease in China and worldwide.

Methods: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 was utilized to assess the incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life years of TC in China and worldwide from 1990 to 2021 using the Joinpoint and R software.

Lipopolysaccharide in Bile Promotes the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps-Induced Gallstone Formation by Activating the Gallbladder Immune Barrier.

Background: Cholelithiasis areis a common digestive system disorder, with cholesterol gallstones being the most prevalent type. Gallstones lead to many severe complications, posing a significant burden on global healthcare systems. Many studies have shown associations between biliary microbiota, gallbladder immune microenvironment, and gallstone formation.

[Effect of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis water extract on hyperviscosity rats based on TLR4/NF-κB/ICAM-1 signaling pathway].

This study aims to reveal the effect and mechanism of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis water extract on the rat model of hyperviscosity induced by a high-sugar, high-salt, and high-fat diet. Thirty-six male SD rats were randomized into normal, model, Compound Danshen Tablets(0.5 g·kg~(-1)), and low-, medium-, and high-dose(0.

[Effects of different fractions of Polygonati Rhizoma on reproductive dysfunction in male mice with kidney essence deficiency].

This study aims to reveal the effects and mechanisms of different fractions of Polygonati Rhizoma on the reproductive dysfunction in male mice with kidney essence deficiency due to excess of sexual intercourse. Fifty male ICR mice with good sexual function were selected and randomized into normal(NC), model(MC), n-butanol fraction of Polygonati Rhizoma(0.4 g·kg~(-1), HJCT), remaining fraction of Polygonati Rhizoma(0.

[Clinical significance of tertiary lymphoid structure maturity in colorectal cancer patients].

Objectives: To explore the clinical significance of the tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) maturity in colorectal cancer patients.

Methods: A total of 230 surgically removed colorectal cancer specimens with detailed follow-up data were collected from Yinzhou Second Hospital. The patients were divided into mature TLS group and immature TLS group according to immunohistochemical results.

Tibetan red deer () diet composition patterns and associations during lean seasons in Tibet, China.

Tibetan red deer () in the high-altitude environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau could face seasonal challenges from food shortages and nutritional deficiencies but the nutritional requirements are complex. Analyzing diet composition pattern(s) is the first step to disentangle this complexity. From a systematic perspective, we hypothesize that: (A) diet composition pattern or patterns exist within the population and (B) a portion of the diet beyond characterized diet combinations will consist of random combinations.

Cadmium distribution and availability in different particle-size aggregates of post-harvest paddy soil amended with bio-based materials.

Research on the use of organic materials as soil amendments for the remediation of Cd-contaminated agricultural land exists. However, the mechanisms based on which organic materials affect the distribution and availability of Cd in soil aggregates remain unclear. Here, Cd-contaminated paddy soil and different bio-based materials were used for rice pot experiments.

A Metal-Organic Framework-Based Colorimetric Sensor Array for Transcutaneous CO Monitoring via Lensless Imaging.

Transcutaneous carbon dioxide (TcPCO2) monitoring provides a non-invasive alternative to measuring arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), making it valuable for various applications, such as sleep diagnostics and neonatal care. However, traditional transcutaneous monitors are bulky, expensive, and pose risks such as skin burns. To address these limitations, we have introduced a compact, cost-effective CMOS imager-based sensor for TcPCO2 detection by utilizing colorimetric reactions with metal-organic framework (MOF)-based nano-hybrid materials.

Boronic ester-templated pre-rotaxanes as versatile intermediates for rotaxane -functionalisation.

We report on the synthesis of [2]rotaxanes from vicinal diols through dynamic covalent boronic ester templates, as well as the use of the boronic ester for rotaxane post-functionalisation. A boronic acid pincer ligand with two alkene-appended arms was condensed with a linear diol-containing thread, and ring-closing metathesis established a pre-rotaxane architecture along with a non-entangled isomer. Advanced NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry unambiguously assigned the isomers and revealed that the pre-rotaxane was in equilibrium with its hydrolyzed free [2]rotaxane form.

Resveratrol improves follicular development in PCOS rats by inhibiting the inflammatory response and pyroptosis of granulosa cells.

Chronic inflammation is a key characteristic of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and is associated with follicular dysplasia in PCOS. PCOS patients treated with 1000 mg resveratrol (RES) daily for 3 months showed significant improvement in menstrual cycle regularity compared to the placebo group. This investigation explores potential impact of RES on a rat model of PCOS.

Follicular fluid-derived extracellular vesicles miR-34a-5p regulates granulosa cell glycolysis in polycystic ovary syndrome by targeting LDHA.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is highly prevalent in women of reproductive age worldwide, exhibits highly heterogeneous clinical presentation and biochemical parameters, and has no cure. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-34a-5p in PCOS, its effect on glycolysis in granulosa cells (GCs), and its potential contribution to follicular dysregulation.

Methods: Herein, Follicular follicular fluid (FF) samples were collected from six patients with PCOS and six healthy controls undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.

Atractylodes macrocephala Rhizoma alleviates blood hyperviscosity induced by high-fat, high-sugar, and high-salt diet by inhibiting gut-liver inflammation and fibrinogen synthesis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Unhealthy dietary patterns and lifestyle changes have been linked to increased blood viscosity, which is recognized as an important pathogenic factor in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The underlying mechanism may involve chronic inflammation resulting from intestinal barrier disruption induced by unhealthy diets. The rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.

Metabolite Measurement in Index Substrate Drug Interaction Studies: A Review of the Literature and Recent New Drug Application Reviews.

Background/objectives: Index substrates are used to understand the processes involved in pharmacokinetic (PK) drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The aim of this analysis is to review metabolite measurement in clinical DDI studies, focusing on index substrates for cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, including CYP1A2 (caffeine), CYP2B6 (bupropion), CYP2C8 (repaglinide), CYP2C9 ((S)-warfarin, flurbiprofen), CYP2C19 (omeprazole), CYP2D6 (desipramine, dextromethorphan, nebivolol), and CYP3A (midazolam, triazolam).

Methods: All data used in this evaluation were obtained from the Certara Drug Interaction Database.

Sparse-Laplace hybrid graph manifold method for fluorescence molecular tomography.

Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) holds promise for early tumor detection by mapping fluorescent agents in three dimensions non-invasively with low cost. However, since ill-posedness and ill-condition due to strong scattering effects in biotissues and limited measurable data, current FMT reconstruction is still up against unsatisfactory accuracy, including location prediction and morphological preservation.To strike the above challenges, we propose a novel Sparse-Laplace hybrid graph manifold (SLHGM) model.

CAR immunotherapy in autoimmune diseases: promises and challenges.

In recent years, the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells has emerged as a promising immunotherapy in multiple diseases. CAR-T cells are T cells genetically modified to express a surface receptor, known as CAR, for the targeting of cognate antigens on specific cells. The effectiveness of CAR-T cell therapy in hematologic malignancies including leukemia, myeloma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has led to consider its use as a potential avenue of treatment for autoimmune diseases.

Improving physical and mental health in women with breast cancer undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy through wearable device-based aerobic exercise: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Aimed to assess the impact of wearable device-based aerobic exercise on the physical and mental well-being of women with breast cancer (BC) undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods: Forty adult women with BC who underwent anthracycline-based chemotherapy were randomly allocated to the exercise group ( = 21) or the control group ( = 19). Both groups received standard health education and oncology care.

Yap methylation-induced FGL1 expression suppresses anti-tumor immunity and promotes tumor progression in KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Despite significant strides in lung cancer immunotherapy, the response rates for Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-driven lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients remain limited. Fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) is a newly identified immune checkpoint target, and the study of related resistance mechanisms is crucial for improving the treatment outcomes of LUAD patients. This study aimed to elucidate the potential mechanism by which FGL1 regulates the tumor microenvironment in KRAS-mutated cancer.

Selective Copolymerization from Mixed Monomers of Phthalic Anhydride, Propylene Oxide and Lactide Using Nano-Sized Zinc Glutarate.

Selective polymerization with heterogeneous catalysts from mixed monomers remains a challenge in polymer synthesis. Herein, we describe that nano-sized zinc glutarate (ZnGA) can serve as a catalyst for the selective copolymerization of phthalic anhydride (PA), propylene oxide (PO) and lactide (LA). It was found that the ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of PA with PO occurs firstly in the multicomponent polymerization.

Cordyceps polysaccharide improves polycystic ovary syndrome by inhibiting gut-derived LPS/TLR4 pathway to attenuates insulin resistance.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder marked by aberrant glucose metabolism and reproductive dysfunction. It is characterized by polycystic ovaries, ovulatory dysfunction, and hyperandrogenemia. PCOS patients often experience a persistent, mild inflammation linked to various metabolic issues and insulin resistance (IR).

Efficient Strategy to Discover DNA Aptamers Against Low Abundance Cell Surface Proteins in Scarce Samples.

Molecular recognition probes targeting cell surface proteins such as aptamers play crucial roles in precise diagnostics and therapy. However, the selection of aptamers against low-abundance proteins in situ on the cell surface, especially in scarce samples, remains an unmet challenge. In this study, we present a single-round, single-cell aptamer selection method by employing a digital DNA sequencing strategy, termed DiDS selection, to address this dilemma.

Development of Oleogel-in-Water High Internal Phase Emulsions with Improved Physicochemical Stability and Their Application in Mayonnaise.

Egg-free mayonnaise is receiving greater attention due to its potential health benefits. This study used whey protein isolate (WPI) as an emulsifier to develop high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) based on beeswax (BW) oleogels through a simple one-step method. The effects of WPI, NaCl and sucrose on the physicochemical properties of HIPEs were investigated.

Mentorship of Junior Surgical Faculty Across Academic Programs in Surgery.

Importance: Because mentorship is critical for professional development and career advancement, it is essential to examine the status of mentorship and identify challenges that junior surgical faculty (assistant and associate professors) face obtaining effective mentorship.

Objective: To evaluate the mentorship experience for junior surgical faculty and highlight areas for improvement.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This qualitative study was an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study including an anonymous survey on mentorship followed by semistructured interviews to expand on survey findings.

Association between BMI and health-related physical fitness in adolescents with hearing impairment in China: a cross-sectional study.

Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to address a critical gap in the understanding of the association between body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness levels in adolescents with hearing impairment (HI) in China. This study investigated how different BMI levels impact the physical fitness index (PFI) of HI adolescents.

Methods: This study employed a physical fitness test for HI adolescents attending special education schools.