Carrier-Free Nanocombo-Sensitized Photoimmunotherapy via Activation of α2-Adrenergic Receptors.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT)-based photoimmunotherapy has attracted increasing attention in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Nonetheless, monotherapy alone proves insufficient in eliciting robust and enduring tumor immunogenicity within the "cold" microenvironment of triple-negative breast cancer. Therefore, it is imperative to integrate phototherapy and immunostimulation strategies to achieve synergistic effects.

A Hierarchical Feature Extraction and Multimodal Deep Feature Integration-Based Model for Autism Spectrum Disorder Identification.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, and precise prediction using imaging or other biological information is of great significance. However, predicting ASD in individuals presents the following challenges: first, there is extensive heterogeneity among subjects; second, existing models fail to fully utilize rs-fMRI and non-imaging information, resulting in less accurate classification results. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel framework, named HE-MF, which consists of a Hierarchical Feature Extraction Module and a Multimodal Deep Feature Integration Module.

Structural basis for the midnolin-proteasome pathway and its role in suppressing myeloma.

The midnolin-proteasome pathway degrades many nuclear proteins without ubiquitination, but how it operates mechanistically remains unclear. Here, we present structures of the midnolin-proteasome complex, revealing how established proteasomal components are repurposed to enable a unique form of proteolysis. While the proteasomal subunit PSMD2/Rpn1 binds to ubiquitinated or ubiquitin-like proteins, we discover that it also interacts with the midnolin nuclear localization sequence, elucidating how midnolin's activity is confined to the nucleus.

Epigenetic activation of PTEN by valproic acid inhibits PI3K/AKT signaling and Burkitt lymphoma cell growth.

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors show promise in treating Burkitt lymphoma (BL), although the precise mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the effects of valproic acid (VPA), a specific HDAC inhibitor, on BL cell lines RAJI and CA46, focusing on the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Cell viability, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and the Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate assay.

Fine-scale striatal parcellation using diffusion MRI tractography and graph neural networks.

The striatum, a crucial part of the basal ganglia, plays a key role in various brain functions through its interactions with the cortex. The complex structural and functional diversity across subdivisions within the striatum highlights the necessity for precise striatal segmentation. In this study, we introduce a novel deep clustering pipeline for automated, fine-scale parcellation of the striatum using diffusion MRI (dMRI) tractography.

Simple preparation, big effect: Chitosan-based flame retardant towards simultaneous enhancement of flame retardancy, antibacterial, crystallization and mechanical properties of PLA.

Preparing biobased flame retardants in a simple and fast path, while simultaneously imparting exceptional overall properties to PLA, poses a significant challenge. This study successfully synthesized a novel modified chitosan-based flame retardant, CPPA, through a simple one-step method and applied it to PLA. With the addition of just 10 wt% CPPA, the PLA-10%CPPA achieved UL-94 V-0 classification, while the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value increased to 30.

Translational activators align mRNAs at the small mitoribosomal subunit for translation initiation.

Mitochondrial gene expression is essential for oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial-encoded mRNAs are translated by dedicated mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes), whose regulation remains elusive. In the baker's yeast , nuclear-encoded mitochondrial translational activators (TAs) facilitate transcript-specific translation by a yet unknown mechanism.

Clinical implication of NT-proBNP to predict mortality in patients with acute type A aortic dissection: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Acute type A aortic dissection is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease commonly seen in emergency department, resulting in substantial mortality and morbidity. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) among this critically ill population.

Design: The design of this study was a retrospective cohort study.

Melatonin attenuates BDE-209-caused spatial memory deficits in juvenile rats through NMDAR-CaMKⅡγ-mediated synapse-to-nucleus signaling.

Flame retardant polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) accumulate in human bodies through food and dust ingestion, and cause neurobehavioral deficits with obscure mechanism. We aimed to investigate NMDAR-CaMKⅡγ-mediated synapse-to-nuclear communication involved in BDE-209-induced cognitive impairment, and alleviation from exogenous melatonin. Decreased NMDAR subunits GluN2A and 2B, autophosphorylation of CaMKⅡα, and postsynaptic GluA1 trafficking were observed in the hippocampus of juvenile rats after maternal BDE-209 exposure.

GABAR-PPT1 palmitoylation homeostasis controls synaptic transmission and circuitry oscillation.

The infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, also called CLN1 disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the CLN1 gene encoding palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1). Identifying the depalmitoylation substrates of PPT1 is crucial for understanding CLN1 disease. In this study, we found that GABAR, the critical synaptic protein essential for inhibitory neurotransmission, is a substrate of PPT1.

Bio-based molecules with ionically bonded phosphorus toward ultra-high flame-retardant efficiency of PLA plastics.

The fire safety of polymer plastics has become a global consensus, and creating a more efficient flame-retardant network is in line with the trend. Here, a direct strategy for low usage of flame retardants and fire-resistant PLA plastics was proposed. The bio-based flame-retardant PDT, which was formed by ionic bonding of phytic acid and organic amine molecules, had high flame-retardant efficiency for PLA.

Harnessing polysialic acid (PSA)-embedded exudate-absorbing hydrogel for on-demand trigeminal neuralgia treatment.

A key characteristic of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is cytokine-enriched exudate and a "reactive oxygen species (ROS) storm" generated from the inflammatory cascade, resulting in demyelination of the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve, tissue swelling, and intense electric shock-like pain. The clinically approved drug carbamazepine (CBZ) is capable of inhibiting pain, reducing inflammatory factors, and alleviating oxidative stress, but its clinical application is restricted by its systemic toxicity. Herein, we developed an exudate-absorbing hydrogel incorporating polysialic acid (PSA) and CBZ (F127@PSA@CBZ) for on-demand TN treatment.

Acquisition and extinction of active avoidance compulsive-like behavior in mice.

Approximately 90% of adults have ever experienced obsessions, yet less than 3% of them develop OCD. It is hypothesized that excessive fear of negative events contributes to OCD onset and development, which is related to the individual differences in psychopathology and neurophysiology associated with OCD among those who experience obsessions. To explore the hypothesis, this study examined if a fear-inducing aversive footshock could induce compulsive-like lever-pressing behavior in mice, the effects of extinction treatments on the compulsive-like behavior, and how the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) in the amygdala would be regulated.

Toward a Radically Simple Multi-Modal Nasal Spray for Preventing Respiratory Infections.

Nasal sprays for pre-exposure prophylaxis against respiratory infections show limited protection (20-70%), largely due to their single mechanism of action-either neutralizing pathogens or blocking their entry at the nasal lining, and a failure to maximize the capture of respiratory droplets, allowing them to potentially rebound and reach deeper airways. This report introduces the Pathogen Capture and Neutralizing Spray (PCANS), which utilizes a multi-modal approach to enhance efficacy. PCANS coats the nasal cavity, capturing large respiratory droplets from the air, and serving as a physical barrier against a broad spectrum of viruses and bacteria, while rapidly neutralizing them with over 99.

Full bio-based flame retardant towards multifunctional polylactic acid: Crystallization, flame retardant, antibacterial and enhanced mechanical properties.

The preparation of flame-retardant high-performance polylactic acid (PLA) composites by adding green flame retardants have always been a challenge. In this work, an intumescent flame-retardant PCR based on phytic acid, chitosan, and resveratrol was successfully designed. Adding 4 wt% of PCR, the PLA-PCR composite was classified as UL-94 V-0 grade, with a LOI value increasing from 19.

Implications of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on gait ability, balance and kinematic parameters after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introductin: Improper gait patterns, impaired balance and foot drop consistently plague stroke survivors, preventing them from walking independently and safely. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) technology can help patients reactivate their muscles and regain motor coordination. This study aims to systematically review and summarize the evidence for the potential benefits of NMES on the improvement of gait patterns after stroke.

Activation of D2-like dopamine receptors improves the neuronal network and cognitive function of PPT1KI mice.

Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) is a lysosomal depalmitoylation enzyme that mediates protein posttranslational modifications. Loss-of-function mutation of PPT1 causes a failure of the lysosomal degradation of palmitoylated proteins and results in a congenital disease characterized by progressive neuronal degeneration referred to as infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL). A mouse knock-in model of PPT1 (PPT1-KI) was established by introducing the R151X mutation into exon 5 of the PPT1 gene, which exhibited INCL-like pathological lesions.

Application and research progress of MultiBac: A review.

Background: Although the traditional Escherichia coli expression system has matured and is cost-effective, the posttranslation modifications of proteins expressed in eukaryotic cells differ significantly from those expressed in E coli. Insect cells have gradually entered the realm of researchers; however, the proteins synthesized by insect cells are somewhat different from those of mammals in terms of modification.

Objective: Herein, we have introduced a relatively new method.

Combined targeting of Hedgehog/GLI1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in mantle cell lymphoma.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare and aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Challenges in its treatment include relapse, drug resistance, and a short survival period. The Hedgehog/GLI1 (Hh/GLI1) and Wnt/β-catenin pathways are crucial in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and drug resistance, making them significant targets for anticancer research.