Paternal cadmium exposure induces glucolipid metabolic reprogramming in offspring mice via PPAR signaling pathway.

In industrialized societies, the prevalence of metabolic diseases has substantially increased over the past few decades, yet the underlying causes remain unclear. Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal and pervasive environmental endocrine disruptor. Here, we investigate the effects of paternal Cd exposure on offspring glucolipid metabolism.

Probucol suppresses osteoclastogenesis via activating Nrf2 signaling and ameliorates ovariectomy-induced bone loss.

Osteoporosis is a systemic and endocrine bone disorder distinguished by declined bone mineral density, compromised bone strength, and destruction of trabecular structure. The abnormally excessive osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion play imperative roles in the progression of osteoporosis. However, treatment of osteoporosis is far from satisfactory due to poor adherence to existing medications and adverse reactions, there is an urgent to develop novel therapies for osteoporosis.

Nonunion of humeral medial condyle fracture caused by excessive functional exercise: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Medial epicondyle fractures are one of the more common humerus fractures, but humeral medial condyle fracture (HMCF) is rare. Nonunion of medial humeral condyle fractures due to functional exercise is less common.

Case Presentation: We report a 5-year-old patient with a nonunion HMCF due to excessive functional exercise, who bruised the elbow 1 year ago and had no positive findings on all imaging studies.

Skin grafting treatment of adolescent lower limb avulsion injury.

Background: Under the influence of various factors, the number of lower extremity avulsion injuries in adolescents is increasing year by year. The main modality of treatment is skin grafting. There are many types of skin grafting.

Effect of the Number, Size, and Location of Cannulated Screws on the Incidence of Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head in Pediatric Femoral Neck Fractures: A Review of 153 Cases.

Background: The correlation between the number, size, and location of cannulated screws and the incidence of avascular necrosis (AVN) in children with femoral neck fractures treated surgically is uncertain.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 153 children (mean age: 10.6±3.

Diaphyseal and Metaphyseal Modeling Defects-Clinical Findings and Identification of WRAP53 Deficiency in Craniometadiaphyseal Dysplasia.

Diaphyseal and metaphyseal modeling defects lead to severe changes in bone mass and shape, which are common features in osteoporosis that linked to non-vertebral fractures. Original mechanism of diaphyseal and metaphyseal modeling defects has proved elusive. Studying rare syndromes can elucidate mechanisms of common disorders and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Phalangeal Intra-Articular Osteochondroma Caused a Rare Clinodactyly Deformity in Children: Case Series and Literature Review.

Background: Various factors are discovered in the development of clinodactyly. The purpose of this retrospective study was to present a group of children with a rare clinodactyly deformity caused by phalangeal intra-articular osteochondroma and evaluate the efficacy of various treatment methods.

Methods: All child patients that were treated for finger problems in our center between Jan 2017 and Dec 2020 were reviewed.

PERK signaling pathway in bone metabolism: Friend or foe?

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts participate in the process of bone remodelling to meet the needs of normal growth and development or repair pathological damage. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) can break the intracellular homeostasis of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, which is closely related to abnormal bone remodelling. The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK) is a key transmembrane protein that regulates ER stress, and growing evidence suggests that the PERK pathway plays a crucial role in regulating bone metabolism under both physiological and pathological conditions.

Initial displacement as a risk factor for avascular necrosis of the femoral head in pediatric femoral neck fractures: a review of one hundred eight cases.

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between avascular necrosis (AVN) and the amount (severity) and direction (translation and angulation) of initial displacement of pediatric femoral neck fractures.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 108 pediatric patients (mean age 10.3 ± 4.

Risk factors for the development of avascular necrosis after femoral neck fractures in children: a review of 239 cases.

Aims: The aim of this study was to clarify the factors that predict the development of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head in children with a fracture of the femoral neck.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 239 children with a mean age of 10.0 years (sd 3.

Traction does not decrease failure of reduction and femoral head avascular necrosis in patients aged 6-24 months with developmental dysplasia of the hip treated by closed reduction: a review of 385 patients and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of preliminary traction on the rate of failure of reduction and the incidence of femoral head avascular necrosis (AVN) in patients with late-detected developmental dysplasia of the hip treated by closed reduction. A total of 385 patients (440 hips) treated by closed reduction satisfied the inclusion criteria. Patients were divided in two groups according to treatment modality: a traction group (276 patients) and a no-traction group (109 patients).

Comparison of different noninvasive diagnostic methods for biliary atresia: a meta-analysis.

Background: This study was undertaken to retrospectively analyze the accuracy of different methods in differentiating biliary atresia from neonatal jaundice.

Methods: A search was made in MEDLINE, and the Web of Science for relevant original articles published in English; methodological quality of the included studies was also assessed. Two reviewers extracted data independently.

[APPLICATION OF DIGITAL PLANNING WITH BONE PARAMETERS IN DETERMINING OPTIMAL SIZE OF PROSTHESIS].

Objective: To investigate the accuracy and value of digital planning with bone parameters in determining the appropriate prosthesis for total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods: The preoperative radiographs was taken in 13 cases scheduled for THA between September 2012 and June 2013; the bone parameters were measured by digital template, and the prosthesis was selected and preoperative plan was made. There were 4 males and 9 females with an average age of 54.

Review of the molecular pathogenesis of osteosarcoma.

Treating the osteosarcoma (OSA) remains a challenge. Current strategies focus on the primary tumor and have limited efficacy for metastatic OSA. A better understanding of the OSA pathogenesis may provide a rational basis for innovative treatment strategies especially for metastases.

[Treatment of severe displaced proximal humeral fractures with titanium elastic nails in older children].

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of titanium elastic nails for severe displaced proximal humeral fractures in older children.

Methods: Between April 2009 and July 2012, 31 cases of severe displaced proximal humeral fractures were treated with closed or open reduction and fixation with 2 titanium elastic nails, and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. There were 23 boys and 8 girls, aged from 10 to 15 years (mean, 12.

Closed/open reduction and titanium elastic nails for severely displaced proximal humeral fractures in children.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of closed/open reduction and titanium elastic nails (TENs) in children with severely displaced proximal humeral fractures.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 37 children suffering from proximal humeral fracture between April 2009 and July 2012. All these patients were treated by closed or open reduction with TEN fixation.

Regulation of PTHrP expression by cyclic mechanical strain in postnatal growth plate chondrocytes.

Mechanical loading has been widely considered to be a crucial regulatory factor for growth plate development, but the exact mechanisms of this regulation are still not completely understood. In the growth plate, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) regulates chondrocyte differentiation and longitudinal growth. Cyclic mechanical strain has been demonstrated to influence growth plate chondrocyte differentiation and metabolism, whereas the relationship between cyclic mechanical strain and PTHrP expression is not clear.

Effects of verapamil on the immediate-early gene expression of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells stimulated by mechanical strain in vitro.

Background: To study the effects of verapamil on the immediate-early genes (IEGs) expression of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) stimulated by cyclic mechanical strain, in order to deduce the role of calcium ion channel in the cell signaling responses of MSCs to mechanical strain.

Material And Methods: MSCs were isolated and cultured, and the passage of 3-6 MSCs were stimulated by mechanical strain and pretreated with or without verapamil. After that, flow cytometry was used to measure the fluorescence intensity of intracellular Ca(2+) immediately.

Biomechanical analysis of pinning configurations for a supracondylar humerus fracture with coronal medial obliquity.

Despite hundreds of studies of pinning configurations for transverse supracondylar humerus fractures, very few studies have investigated the optimal pin configurations in the treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures with coronal medial obliquity. The aim of this study was to develop a model of supracondylar humerus fractures with coronal medial obliquity and compare the stability of three various pin configurations to provide an acceptable pin placement. Oblique cuts were made in synthetic humeri at the level of the coronoid and olecranon fossae to simulate a humeral supracondylar fracture with coronal medial obliquity.