New insights into the effects of dietary amino acid composition on meat quality in pigs: A review.

Pork is an affordable protein source with higher nutrient density. In recent years, meat quality in pigs is getting increasing attention, which has a direct impact on the economic value of pork. Dietary amino acids play a key role in pig production, not only regulating pig growth and health, but also contributing significantly to meat quality.

The maternal lifestyle in pregnancy: Implications for foetal skeletal muscle development.

The world is facing a global nutrition crisis, as evidenced by the rising incidence of metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in humans and plays an important role in movement and host metabolism. Muscle fibre formation occurs mainly during the embryonic stage.

Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation levels determined adipogenesis and fat accumulation in adipose tissue in pigs.

Background: Excessive backfat deposition lowering carcass grade is a major concern in the pig industry, especially in most breeds of obese type pigs. The mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and fat accumulation in pigs remain unclear. Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib), is a novel protein post-translational modification (PTM), which play an important role in transcription, energy metabolism and metastasis of cancer cells, but its role in adipogenesis and fat accumulation has not been shown.

Insights into the mechanism of L-malic acid on drip loss of chicken meat under commercial conditions.

Background: A deterioration in the meat quality of broilers has attracted much more attention in recent years. L-malic acid (MA) is evidenced to decrease meat drip loss in broilers, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. It's also not sure whether the outputs obtained under experimental conditions can be obtained in a commercial condition.

Chenodeoxycholic Acid Improves Embryo Implantation and Metabolic Health through Modulating Gut Microbiota-Host Metabolites Interaction during Early Pregnancy.

Fetus loss in early pregnancy is of major concern to both humans and animals, and this issue is largely influenced by embryo implantation. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), a primary bile acid, contributes to metabolic improvements and protects against intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. However, the effect of CDCA on embryo implantation during early pregnancy has not been investigated.

Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Provides Insight into Skeletal Muscle Evolution during the Selection of Muscle Characteristics.

Skeletal muscle comprises a large, heterogeneous assortment of cell populations that interact to maintain muscle homeostasis, but little is known about the mechanism that controls myogenic development in response to artificial selection. Different pig (Sus scrofa) breeds exhibit distinct muscle phenotypes resulting from domestication and selective breeding. Using unbiased single-cell transcriptomic sequencing analysis (scRNA-seq), the impact of artificial selection on cell profiles is investigated in neonatal skeletal muscle of pigs.

Nutritional regulation of skeletal muscle energy metabolism, lipid accumulation and meat quality in pigs.

The quality of pork determines consumers' purchase intention, which directly affects the economic value of pork. Minimizing the proportion of inferior pork and producing high quality pork are the ultimate goals of the pig industry. Muscle energy metabolism, serving as a regulative hub in organism energy expenditure and storage as a fat deposit, is compatible with myofiber type composition, affecting meat color, intramuscular fat content, tenderness, pH values and drip loss.

Maternal consumption of l-malic acid enriched diets improves antioxidant capacity and glucose metabolism in offspring by regulating the gut microbiota.

Maternal diets during pregnancy and lactation are key determinants that regulate the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in offspring. l-malic acid (MA) was previously reported to improve antioxidant capacity and aerobic metabolism. However, the effects of maternal MA consumption on the metabolic features of offspring remain largely unexplored.

Dietary Supplementation with Lauric Acid Improves Aerobic Endurance in Sedentary Mice via Enhancing Fat Mobilization and Glyconeogenesis.

Background: Lauric acid (LA), a major, natural, medium-chain fatty acid, is considered an efficient energy substrate for intense exercise and in patients with long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation disorders. However, few studies have focused on the role of LA in exercise performance and related glucolipid metabolism in vivo.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with LA on exercise performance and related metabolic mechanisms.

Dietary supplementation of laminarin improves the reproductive performance of sows and the growth of suckling piglets.

Background: Maternal nutrition is essential in keeping a highly efficient production system in the pig industry. Laminarin has been shown to improve antioxidant capacity, reduce the inflammatory response, and favor the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota. However, the effect of dietary supplementation of laminarin on the reproductive performance of sows and the growth of suckling offspring remains unknown.

Lack of adipocyte IP3R1 reduces diet-induced obesity and greatly improves whole-body glucose homeostasis.

The normal function of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue ensures whole-body glucose homeostasis. Ca release channel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1) plays a vital role in regulating diet-induced obesity and disorders, but its functions in peripheral tissue regulating glucose homeostasis remain unexplored. In this study, mice with Ip3r1 specific knockout in skeletal muscle or adipocytes were used for investigating the mediatory role of IP3R1 on whole-body glucose homeostasis under normal or high-fat diet.

Carcass and meat quality traits and their relationships in Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire barrows slaughtered at various seasons.

To understand characteristics of carcass traits and meat quality in pig population, 22 indicators of carcass characteristics and meat quality traits were measured on 278 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire barrows that were slaughtered in different seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter). The effects of body weight and season on carcass characteristics and meat quality were analyzed by GLM procedure, followed the Bonferroni multiple test. The phenotypic correlations among those traits were calculated by employing the CORR procedure.

Effects of Dietary L-malic Acid Supplementation on Meat Quality, Antioxidant Capacity and Muscle Fiber Characteristics of Finishing Pigs.

L-malic acid is a vital intermediate in the citric acid cycle and has been reported to improve the antioxidant capacity and aerobic oxidation of weaned piglets; however, its application in finishing pigs is limited at present. This study explored the effects of dietary L-malic acid supplementation on the carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs. In a 45-day experiment, 192 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire pigs (75.

Effects of daidzein on antioxidant capacity in weaned pigs and IPEC-J2 cells.

Our previous study found that soybean isoflavones in soybean meal play an important role in improving growth performance and antioxidant capacity in pigs. However, it is still unknown whether long-term supplementation with daidzein, an active molecule deglycosylated from daidzin, in a corn-soybean meal diet can enhance growth performance in pigs. Thus, in the present study, an animal trial was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with daidzein on the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of pigs.

Dietary Valine/Isoleucine Ratio Impact Carcass Characteristics, Meat Edible Quality and Nutritional Values in Finishing Crossbred Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire Pigs With Different Slaughter Weights.

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of dietary ratio of valine to isoleucine [R(V/I)] on carcass characteristics and meat quality of finishing pigs and whether slaughter weight influence the effect. We carried out a 2 × 3 factorial trial with two slaughter weight (105 vs. 130 kg) and three R(V/I) (0.

Dietary Malic Acid Supplementation Induces Skeletal Muscle Fiber-Type Transition of Weaned Piglets and Further Improves Meat Quality of Finishing Pigs.

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of dietary malic acid supplementation on skeletal muscle fiber-type transition during nursery period and the subsequent meat quality of finishing pigs. Results showed that malic acid supplementation for 28 days increased oxidative fiber percentage of weaned piglets, accompanied by the increased aerobic oxidation in serum and longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle. Additionally, activities of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase in serum were increased.

Ryanodine receptor RyR1-mediated elevation of Ca concentration is required for the late stage of myogenic differentiation and fusion.

Background: Cytosolic Ca plays vital roles in myogenesis and muscle development. As a major Ca release channel of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) key mutations are main causes of severe congenital myopathies. The role of RyR1 in myogenic differentiation has attracted intense research interest but remains unclear.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary fat effects on reproductive performance of sows and growth performance of piglets.

Effects of added fat in sow diets on the sows' reproductive performance and offspring growth performance are influenced by multiple factors such as genetics, nutrition, parity, ambient temperatures, and farm management. Individual studies cannot cover all these factors. With the view to address this challenge, we searched all studies that were published from 1986 to 2020, and performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the fat effect.

Selenium Deficiency Induces Pathological Cardiac Lipid Metabolic Remodeling and Inflammation.

Scope: Selenium (Se) disequilibrium is closely involved in many cardiac diseases, although its in vivo mechanism remains uncertain. Therefore, a pig model is created in order to generate a comprehensive picture of cardiac response to dietary Se deficiency.

Methods And Results: A total of 24 pigs are divided into two equal groups, which were fed a diet with either 0.

Cysteine Exerts an Essential Role in Maintaining Intestinal Integrity and Function Independent of Glutathione.

Scope: Enteral feeding is a primary source of cysteine for intestinal mucosa given negligible transsulfuration activity in enterocytes and furthermore very few cysteine uptake from arterial blood. This study aims to explore the role of cysteine in maintaining intestinal integrity and function.

Methods And Results: The intestinal porcine enterocytes (IPEC-J2) are cultured in a cysteine-deprived medium with or without glutathione supplementation upon the inhibitions of glutathione synthesis or degradation.

Arginine promotes myogenic differentiation and myotube formation through the elevation of cytoplasmic calcium concentration.

This study aimed to explore the mechanism underlying arginine-promoted myogenesis of myoblasts. C2C12 cells were cultured with a medium containing 0.1, 0.