Insights into the mechanism of transcription factors in Pb-induced apoptosis.

The health risks associated with exposure to heavy metals, such as Pb, are increasingly concerning the public. Pb can cause significant harm to the human body through oxidative stress, autophagy, inflammation, and DNA damage, disrupting cellular homeostasis and ultimately leading to cell death. Among these mechanisms, apoptosis is considered crucial.

Mitochondrion: a sensitive target for Pb exposure.

Pb exposure is a worldwide environmental contamination issue which has been of concern to more and more people. Exposure to environmental Pb and its compounds through food and respiratory routes causes toxic damage to the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular and nervous systems, etc. Children and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to Pb.