Metaplastic regeneration in the mouse stomach requires a reactive oxygen species pathway.

In pyloric metaplasia, mature gastric chief cells reprogram via an evolutionarily conserved process termed paligenosis to re-enter the cell cycle and become spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) cells. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) following injury to the murine stomach to analyze mechanisms governing paligenosis at high resolution. Injury causes induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) with coordinated changes in mitochondrial activity and cellular metabolism, requiring the transcriptional mitochondrial regulator Ppargc1a (Pgc1α) and ROS regulator Nf2el2 (Nrf2).

Gastric intestinal metaplasia: progress and remaining challenges.

Most gastric cancers arise in the setting of chronic inflammation which alters gland organization, such that acid-pumping parietal cells are lost, and remaining cells undergo metaplastic change in differentiation patterns. From a basic science perspective, recent progress has been made in understanding how atrophy and initial pyloric metaplasia occur. However, pathologists and cancer biologists have long been focused on the development of intestinal metaplasia patterns in this setting.

Single-cell sequencing of ascites fluid illustrates heterogeneity and therapy-induced evolution during gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis.

Peritoneal metastasis is the leading cause of death for gastrointestinal cancers. The native and therapy-induced ascites ecosystems are not fully understood. Here, we characterize single-cell transcriptomes of 191,987 ascites cancer/immune cells from 35 patients with/without gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis (GCPM).

The Efficacy and Safety of Celecoxib in Addition to Standard Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, in addition to standard anticancer therapy. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy and safety of celecoxib-combined cancer therapy were systematically searched in PubMed and Embase databases. The endpoints were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease-free survival (DFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), pathological complete response (pCR), and adverse events (AEs).

DDIT4 Licenses Only Healthy Cells to Proliferate During Injury-induced Metaplasia.

Background And Aims: In stomach, metaplasia can arise from differentiated chief cells that become mitotic via paligenosis, a stepwise program. In paligenosis, mitosis initiation requires reactivation of the cellular energy hub mTORC1 after initial mTORC1 suppression by DNA damage induced transcript 4 (DDIT4 aka REDD1). Here, we use DDIT4-deficient mice and human cells to study how metaplasia increases tumorigenesis risk.

A Dedicated Evolutionarily Conserved Molecular Network Licenses Differentiated Cells to Return to the Cell Cycle.

Differentiated cells can re-enter the cell cycle to repair tissue damage via a series of discrete morphological and molecular stages coordinated by the cellular energetics regulator mTORC1. We previously proposed the term "paligenosis" to describe this conserved cellular regeneration program. Here, we detail a molecular network regulating mTORC1 during paligenosis in both mouse pancreatic acinar and gastric chief cells.

Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and age in cancer patients.

To evaluate the impact of age on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer patients. The primary outcomes included overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Subgroup, meta-regression analysis and within-trial interaction HR were conducted.

A Metformin-Responsive Metabolic Pathway Controls Distinct Steps in Gastric Progenitor Fate Decisions and Maturation.

Cellular metabolism plays important functions in dictating stem cell behaviors, although its role in stomach epithelial homeostasis has not been evaluated in depth. Here, we show that the energy sensor AMP kinase (AMPK) governs gastric epithelial progenitor differentiation. Administering the AMPK activator metformin decreases epithelial progenitor proliferation and increases acid-secreting parietal cells (PCs) in mice and organoids.

Antibiotic use and the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients: a pooled analysis of 2740 cancer patients.

The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the anti-tumor immune response. There is increasing data showing that antibiotics (ATBs) change the composition of the gut microbiota and affect the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, this is the first meta-analysis to evaluate the association between ATB use and ICI efficacy in cancer patients to provide a better understanding of the strength of this association.

Circulating Noncoding RNAs Have a Promising Future Acting as Novel Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, causing a large number of cancer-related deaths each year. Patients are usually diagnosed at advanced and incurable stages due to the lack of suitable screening methods for early detection. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including small and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), are known to have significant regulatory functions, and accumulating evidence suggests that circulating ncRNAs have potential applications as noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosing CRC, evaluating its prognosis, or predicting chemosensitivity in the general population.

Long non-coding RNA AB007962 is downregulated in gastric cancer and associated with poor prognosis.

A number of previous studies have reported that numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dysregulated in gastric cancer (GC) and are involved in a series of biological and pathological processes. Total RNA was extracted from the cancerous tissues and matched normal adjacent tissues (NATs) of 96 patients with GC. The expression level of AB007962, a novel lncRNA, was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Impact of timing of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival in stage III colon cancer: a population-based study.

Background: There is no consensus regarding the optimal time to initiate adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery for stage III colon cancer, and the relevant postoperative complications that cause delays in adjuvant chemotherapy are unknown.

Methods: Eligible patients aged ≥66 years who were diagnosed with stage III colon cancer from 1992 to 2008 were identified using the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database. Kaplan-Meier analysis and a Cox proportional hazards model were utilized to evaluate the impact of the timing of adjuvant chemotherapy on overall survival (OS).

High Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Poor Prognosis and Clinicopathological Characteristics in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the correlation of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer.

Methods: The PubMed and Embase databases were searched. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to summarize disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

Non-coding RNAs participate in the regulatory network of CLDN4 via ceRNA mediated miRNA evasion.

Thousands of genes have been well demonstrated to play important roles in cancer progression. As genes do not function in isolation, they can be grouped into "networks" based on their interactions. In this study, we discover a network regulating Claudin-4 in gastric cancer.

Which is better for gastric cancer patients, perioperative or adjuvant chemotherapy: a meta-analysis.

Background: The preferred chemotherapy method for gastric cancer continues to be matter of debate. We performed a meta-analysis to comparing prognosis and safety between perioperative chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy to identify the better chemotherapy option for gastric cancer.

Methods: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Ovid databases for eligible studies until February 2016.

Impact of age on efficacy of postoperative oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Background: Clinical practice guidelines focusing on age-related adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer are currently limited. The present study aimed to explore the impact of age on the efficacy of adjuvant oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare-linked database from 1992-2009.

Meta-analysis of the laparoscopic versus open colorectal surgery within fast track surgery.

Background: Laparoscopic methods and fast-track surgery (FTS) can enhance recovery and reduce postoperative hospital stay. However, whether laparoscopic surgery can provide short-term benefits within FTS is controversial. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies to evaluate the effect of laparoscopic colorectal surgery within FTS.

Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Value of Serum Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 in Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: The clinical value of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 in gastric cancer is controversial. We evaluated the clinicopathologic and prognostic value of CA 19-9 in gastric cancer.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase databases.

A novel long noncoding RNA-LOWEG is low expressed in gastric cancer and acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting cell invasion.

Purpose: Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) have been reported to be involved in the development of multiple cancers. The aim of this study was to report the identification of lncRNA-CTD-2108O9.1, which we have named lncRNA low expressed in gastric cancer (lncRNA-LOWEG), and investigate its role in cancer development.

Regulatory Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have recently gained attention because of their involvement in different biological processes. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that mutations or abnormal expression of ncRNAs are closely associated with various diseases including cancer. The present review is a comprehensive examination of the aberrant regulation of ncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) and a summary of the current findings on ncRNAs, including long ncRNAs, microRNAs, small interfering RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, small nuclear RNAs, Piwi-interacting RNAs, and circular RNAs.

Laparoscopic resection with natural orifice specimen extraction versus conventional laparoscopy for colorectal disease: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: We wished to determine the effects of laparoscopic resection using natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) for patients with colorectal disease through a meta-analysis.

Methods: A study search was undertaken in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for eligible studies until December 2014. Duration of hospital stay, operation time, time to first flatus, pain score, cosmetic result, postoperative complications, and disease-free survival (DFS) were the main endpoints.

[Research on ground scenery spectral radiation source with tunable spectra].

A spectrum-tunable ground scenery spectrum radiation source, using LEDs and bromine tungsten lamp as luminescence media, was introduced. System structure and control of the spectrum radiation source was expounded in detail. In order to simulate various ground scenery spectrum distribution with different shapes, a ground scenery spectral database was established in the control system.

Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs after but not before diagnosis are associated with improved breast cancer survival: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: The association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and breast cancer survival is still controversial. The aim of our meta-analysis was to assess the survival benefit of NSAIDs.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE (to September 2014).

Which is the best postoperative chemotherapy regimen in patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy?

Background: There is no general agreement about whether patients who have already received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy need further postoperative chemotherapy based on 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) or 5-FU plus oxaliplatin.

Methods: Medicare beneficiaries from 1992 to 2008 with Union for International Cancer Control ypStages I to III primary carcinoma of the rectum who underwent 5-FU-based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery for curative intent were identified through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare-linked database. A Cox proportional hazards model and propensity score-matched techniques were used to evaluate the effect of treatment on survival.