Liquid-Phase Adsorption Behavior of β-D-Glucooligosaccharides When Using Activated Carbon for Separation, and the Antioxidant Stress Activity of Purified Fractions.

The adsorption characteristics of β-glucooligosaccharides on activated carbon and the purification were systematically investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of activated carbon reached 0.419 g/g in the optimal conditions.

Functional Components from the Liquid Fermentation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi and Their Food Applications in China.

Functional raw materials rich in various effective nutrients and active ingredients that are of stable quality can be obtained from the liquid fermentation of edible and medicinal fungi. In this review, we systematically summarize the main findings of this comparative study that compared the components and efficacy of liquid fermented products from edible and medicinal fungi with those from cultivated fruiting bodies. Additionally, we present the methods used in the study to obtain and analyze the liquid fermented products.

The key technologies of Ganoderma lucidum liquid spawn preparation and scale expansion.

Ganoderma lucidum possesses a variety of valuable pharmacological activities, and it has long been used to prevent and treat various human diseases. Up to now, far too little attention has been paid to the liquid spawn of G. lucidum, and the development of the G.

Coevolutionary insights between promoters and transcription factors in the plant and animal kingdoms.

The divergence and continuous evolution of plants and animals contribute to ecological diversity. Promoters and transcription factors (TFs) are key determinants of gene regulation and transcription throughout life. However, the evolutionary trajectories and relationships of promoters and TFs are still poorly understood.

Effects of Oleic Acid Addition Methods on the Metabolic Flux Distribution of Ganoderic Acids R, S and T's Biosynthesis.

The effects of oleic acid addition methods on the metabolic flux distribution of ganoderic acids R, S and T's biosynthesis from were investigated. The results showed that adding filter-sterilized oleic acid in the process of submerged fermentation and static culture is of benefit to the synthesis of ganoderic acids R, S and T. The metabolic fluxes were increased by 97.

Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver: A case report.

Background: Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver (MCN-L) is a cyst-forming epithelial neoplasm. The most distinguishing feature is the ovarian-type subepithelial stroma on pathological examination.

Case Summary: An abdominal ultrasound incidentally revealed a liver tumor in a 32-year-old woman.

Changes of structures and biosynthesis/hydrolysis-associated genes expression of glucans at different Volvariella volvacea maturity stages.

In the present study, effects of maturity stage on structural characteristics and biosynthesis/hydrolysis-associated genes expression of glucans from Volvariella volvacea fruit body were well investigated. Elongation and pileus expansion stages decreased total soluble carbohydrate and protein contents to 17.09 mg/g and 8.

Ganoderic acid T improves the radiosensitivity of HeLa cells via converting apoptosis to necroptosis.

The use of natural substances derived from traditional Chinese medicine and natural plants as safe radiosensitizing adjuvants is a new trend for cancer radiotherapy. has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine with a history of more than 2000 years. Ganoderic acid T (GAT) is a typical triterpene of , which has strong cytotoxicity to cancer cells, but whether it has radiation sensitization effect has not been explored.

Effects of enzymatic reaction on the generation of key aroma volatiles in shiitake mushroom at different cultivation substrates.

Aroma is an important factor affecting mushroom character and quality. According to the different reaction pathway, the key aroma metabolites (sulfur and eight-carbon volatiles) formation can be classified into enzymatic reactions and nonenzymatic reactions. Aroma volatiles are generated from precursors via the biocatalytic activities of various synthases during the growth stages of shiitake mushrooms.

Screening candidate genes related to volatile synthesis in shiitake mushrooms and construction of regulatory networks to effectively improve mushroom aroma.

Background: Metabolite formation is a physiological stress response during the growth and development of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes). The characteristic flavor metabolites are important quality components in shiitake mushrooms. To investigate the formation mechanisms of characteristic flavor metabolites, transcriptome analyses were performed on shiitake mushrooms harvested at different growth stages.

Increased Inhibition Effect of Antrodin C from the Stout Camphor Medicinal Mushroom, Taiwanofungus camphoratus (Agaricomycetes), on A549 through Crosstalk between Apoptosis and Autophagy.

Antrodin C was obtained from Taiwanofungus camphoratus mycelia. The inhibition effect of antrodin C on A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells was evaluated by plate clone formation, wound healing, cell cycle, activated caspase-3, Bax, P53, Bcl-2, and RAPR activities as well as reactive oxygen species release. Plate clone formation assay revealed that antrodin C could significantly inhibit the viability of A549 cells in vitro.

Optimization of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides Fermentation Process for Large-Scale Production.

The objective of this study was to increase the intracellular polysaccharide yield of Ganoderma lucidum. The accordingly optimized fermentation medium by central composite design method contains glucose 40 g L, yeast powder 12 g L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3 g L, initial pH 5.5, and inoculum size 10 mL 100 mL.

Chemical Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Volatile Oil from the White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes).

To fully analyze the composition of volatile oil extracted from Tremella fuciformis, hydrodistillation (HD) and solid phase microextraction (SPME) were adopted simultaneously. In both cases, the analysis was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the antioxidant activity of the volatile oil was determined by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method with rutin as a positive control. Nineteen components in HD and 68 components in SPME were identified, respectively.

Dissolution of Bioactive Components from Dried Fruiting Bodies of the Culinary-Medicinal Shiitake Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes), during Cleaning, Soaking, and Cooking.

Lentinus edodes fruiting bodies are rich in active substances such as polysaccharides and eritadenine. Patients with gout, however, should avoid or severely limit their intake of foods containing large amounts of purine. In this study we quantitatively analyzed the polysaccharide and purine compounds dissolved from L.

Employment of ARTP to Generate Phellinus baumii (Agaricomycetes) Strain with High Flavonoids Production and Validation by Liquid Fermentation.

To obtain Phellinus baumii strain with high flavonoids yield, ARTP was employed to generate mutants of a Ph. baumii strain, which were screened for higher flavonoids content. After five rounds of screening, four mutants were identified to produce more flavonoids than the wild type strain under optimal conditions, of which A67 was the mutant with the highest flavonoids productive capacity.

Effect of Culture Time on the Bioactive Components in the Fruit Bodies of Caterpillar Mushroom, Cordyceps militaris CM-H0810 (Ascomycetes).

Cordyceps militaris are widely cultivated in China for an important raw material for health foods. CM-H0810 is a C. militaris strain used in the production of C.

Triterpenes and Soluble Polysaccharide Changes in Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes), During Fruiting Growth.

We analyzed the changes in triterpenes and soluble polysaccharides in Ganoderma lucidum strain G0119 during 4 growth phases in 3 regions of the fruiting bodies using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and we also analyzed the soluble polysaccharides using high-performance size-exclusion chroma-tography-multiple-angle laser-light scattering refractive index analysis. The strong polar triterpenes decreased while weak polar triterpenes increased during the growth cycle of G. lucidum.

Kinetic models for the effect of temperature on flavonoid production in liquid submerged fermentation by Phellinus baumii.

Kinetic models and temperature control strategy were established to reflect the effect of temperature (22 °C-30 °C) on flavonoid production of Phellinus baumii (P. baumii) in 6-L fermentor. A modified Logistic equation, Hinshelwood model, and Luedeking Piret equation were used to describe mycelial growth and product formation.

Structural elucidation of a polysaccharide from Flammulina velutipes and its immunomodulation activities on mouse B lymphocytes.

A novel polysaccharide FVPB2 was purified from fruiting bodies of Flammulina velutipes. Its structure was elucidated by monosaccharide composition and methylation analyses, UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy as well as NMR. FVPB2 was a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide (molecular weight ~ 1.

MicroRNA-214 Affects Fibroblast Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Targeting Mitofusin-2 during Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in SD Rats with Birth Trauma.

Background/aims: This study investigated whether microRNA-214 (miR-214) targets mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) in the process of fibroblast differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) during pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with birth trauma.

Methods: The ADMSCs were isolated from 4-6 week male SD rats (n = 20) and were cultured and divided into the blank, miR-214 mimic negative control (NC), miR-214 mimic, miR-214 inhibitor NC, miR-214 inhibitor, empty vector, Mfn2 over-expression and miR-214 + Mfn2 over-expression groups. Fibroblast differentiation of ADMSCs was measured with immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence methods.

Antitumor Effect of By-1 from Spent Broth from Submerged Cultures of Stout Camphor Medicinal Mushroom, Taiwanofungus camphoratus (Higher Basidiomycetes), on A549 Adenocarcinoma Cells.

By-1 was obtained from spent broth from submerged cultures of Taiwanofungus camphoratus. This report evaluates the effects of By-1 on plate clone formation, wound healing, cell cycle, activated caspase-3 expression, and ROS release in A549 lung cancer cells. The result of plate clone formation assay revealed that By-1 could dramatically inhibit the viability of A549 cells in vitro.

Characterization of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of Two Species of Genus Ganoderma (Agaricomycetes) and Determination of Water-Soluble β-D-Glucan Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.

Molecular weight (Mw) distributions of polysaccharides from the fruiting bodies of different Ganoderma lucidum strains and G. sinense were investigated and compared using high-pressure size exclusion chromatography/multiangle laser light scattering/refractive index analysis. Results showed that there were big differences in the Mw distributions and characteristics of polysaccharides from 2 species of Ganoderma.

Structural Characterization and Immunological Activities of a Novel Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from the Fruiting Bodies of Culinary-Medicinal Winter Mushroom, Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes).

A water-soluble polysaccharide, designated FVPA2, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Flammulina velutipes using DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and gel-permeation chromatography. Its structure was elucidated by monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis, ultraviolet, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results showed that FVPA2 was a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide containing galactose, fucose, and mannose in a molar ratio of 5:1:1.