[Effects of irrigation regimes on the variation of soil water and salt and yield of mechanically harvested cotton in Southern Xinjiang, China].

The expansion of soil salinization area is a threat to cotton production in Southern Xinjiang. How to control soil salt accumulation by developing precise irrigation strategy is currently a hot topic for the film mulching drip-irrigated cotton field. With aims for soil quality improvement and high yield, we investigated the effects of irrigation regimes on soil water and salt distribution, yield and fiber quality in major cotton production area of Southern Xinjiang.

[Modeling evapotranspiration of greenhouse tomato under different water conditions based on the dual crop coefficient method].

An experiment was conducted to investigate soil evaporation (E), crop transpiration (T), evapotranspiration (ET) and the ratio of evaporation to evapotranspiration (E/ET) of drip-irrigated tomato, which was planted in a typical solar greenhouse in the North China, under different water conditions [irrigation amount was determined based on accumulated pan evaporation (E) of 20 cm pan evaporation, and two treatments were designed with full irrigation (0.9E) and deficit irrigation (0.5E)] at different growth stages in 2015 and 2016 at Xinxiang Comprehensive Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

[Coupling effect of water and nitrogen on mechanically harvested cotton with drip irrigation under plastic film in arid area of western Inner Mongolia, China.].

In order to understand the main and interactive effects of water and nitrogen on crop growth and development, yield, fiber quality, and water-nitrogen use efficiency of mechanically harvested cotton with drip irrigation under plastic film in arid area of western Inner Mongolia, a two-factorial experiment with irrigation water amount and nitrogen dosage in completely randomized block design was conducted in Alxa Left Banner of Alxa League in Inner Mongolia. The levels of water irrigation were 216 mm (W), 288 mm (W) and 360 mm (W), and the nitrogen dosages were 127.5 kg·hm(N), 195 kg·hm(N) and 262.

[Irrigation scheduling with a 20 cm standard pan for drip-irrigated cucumber grown in solar greenhouse in the North China Plain].

An experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014 at the Xinxiang Comprehensive Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences. Water amount was estimated with the Ep-20 and pan coefficient. Responses of cucumber evapotranspiration (ET), yield, quality and water use efficiency (WUE) to different drip irrigation amounts (Kcp1: 0.

[Real-time irrigation forecast of cotton mulched with plastic film under drip irrigation based on meteorological date].

It is important to improve the real-time irrigation forecasting precision by predicting real-time water consumption of cotton mulched with plastic film under drip irrigation based on meteorological data and cotton growth status. The model parameters for calculating ET0 based on Hargreaves formula were determined using historical meteorological data from 1953 to 2008 in Shihezi reclamation area. According to the field experimental data of growing season in 2009-2010, the model of computing crop coefficient Kc was established based on accumulated temperature.

[Effects of irrigation threshold on soil temperature in blossom and fruit-set periods of muskmelon under mulching-drip irrigation in greenhouse].

It is very significant for muskmelon growth and production to maintain optimal conditions of soil moisture and temperature, especially during blossom and fruit-bearing periods. The object of this study was to analyze the effects of different soil water thresholds (T1: 55% of the field capacity, T2: 65% of the field capacity, T3: 75% of the field capacity, CK: 85% of the field capacity) on soil temperature under mulching-drip irrigation in greenhouse. Moreover, effects of the ratio of soil moisture to heat in the plough layer (0-20 cm) on muskmelon growth and fruit setting were investigated.

[Temporal and spatial variation of water requirement of winter wheat and its influencing factors in Henan Province, China].

Based on mean meteorological data of ten days in 17 observation stations from 1961 to 2012, the reference crop evapotranspiration was computed using Penman-Monteith formula recommended by FAO. The water requirement of winter wheat in Henan Province was calculated by adopting crop coefficients and the growth stage of winter wheat from the "National Irrigation Experiment Database", and the temporal and spatial distribution, variation and affecting factors in recent 51 years were analyzed by means of time-series analysis and gray relational grade analysis. The results showed that the average water requirement of winter wheat was 345-492 mm in Henan Province from 1961 to 2011, and it was lowest at Lushi station and highest at Mengjin station.

[Effects of girdling on growth, yield and water use efficiency of cotton].

An experiment with girdling applied on the main stem and fruit branch during the early or flourishing stage of flowering and boll-setting was conducted to investigate the effects of different girdling treatments on the growth, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of cotton. The results showed that compared with the control (CK), leaf area index (LAI) of girdling treatments reduced significantly and the maximum LAI of girdled cotton occurred 5-15 days in advance. Girdling reduced the shedding rate of squares and bolls significantly, and the shedding rate of squares and bolls with girdling applied on the main stem at the flourishing stage was 15.

[Optimal irrigation index for cotton drip irrigation under film mulching based on the evaporation from pan with constant water level].

A field experiment with two irrigation cycles and two irrigating water quotas at squaring stage and blossoming-boll forming stage was conducted in Urumqi of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Northwest China in 2008-2009, aimed to explore the high-efficient irrigation index of cotton drip irrigation under film mulching. The effects of different water treatments on the seed yield, water consumption, and water use efficiency (WUE) of cotton were analyzed. In all treatments, there was a high correlation between the cotton water use and the evaporation from pan installed above the plant canopy.

[Effects of tilage mode and deficit irrigation on the yield and water use of transplanted cotton following wheat harvest under sprinkler irrigation].

To develop a suitable tillage mode and irrigation schedule of transplanted cotton following wheat harvest under sprinkler irrigation, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different tillage modes (conventional tillage and no-tillage) and different irrigation schedules (45 and 22.5 mm of irrigating water quota) on the water consumption, seed yield, water use efficiency, and fiber quality of cotton. Comparing with conventional tillage, no-tillage decreased the soil evaporation among cotton plants by 20.

[Estimation model for water requirement of greenhouse tomato under drip irrigation].

Based on the modified Penman-Monteith equation, and through the analysis of the relationships between crop coefficient and cumulative temperature, a new model for estimating the water requirement of greenhouse tomato under drip irrigation was built. The model was validated with the measured data of plant transpiration and soil evaporation in May 2-13 (flowering-fruit-developing stage) and June 9-20 (fruit-maturing stage) , 2009. This model was suitable for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET(0)) in greenhouse.

[Plant transpiration in a maize/soybean intercropping system measured with heat balance method].

In an experimental field with maize/soybean strip intercropping, the transpiration of maize and soybean plants was measured with sap flow gauge based on heat balance method. In the intercropping system, the diurnal change of the sap flow rates of the plants fitted single-peak curve in sunny day and multi-peak curve in cloudy day. The plant sap flow rates were affected by many environmental factors, among which, solar radiation was the most important meteorological factor.

[Effects of soil moisture regime on greenhouse tomato yield and its formation under drip irrigation].

Field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil moisture regime at different growth stages on the fruit size, fruit number, percentage of malformed fruit, and yield formation of greenhouse tomato under drip irrigation, and the relationships between tomato yield and irrigation amount. Moderate soil water deficit (50%-55% of field capacity) at tomato's seedling stage increased the fruit number but reduced the fruit size, decreased the percentage of malformed fruit, and made the fruit maturation mainly concentrated in later picking period. Severe water deficit (less than 65% of field capacity) at flowering and fruit-developing stages promoted fruit maturation, but decreased fruit number and increased the formation of small and malformed fruits.

[Spatiotemporal distribution patterns of winter wheat and spring maize root systems under intercropping].

In this paper, root samples of winter wheat and spring maize under intercropping were taken with large-bore soil auger, and the dynamics of their spatiotemporal distribution were studied. The results showed that both in vertical and in horizontal directions, the root mass of winter wheat decreased in power function, while that of spring maize decreased in exponent function. Multiple linear regression was made to establish the two-dimensional spatiotemporal distribution functions of intercropped winter wheat and spring maize root biomass, and the validation tests demonstrated that theses functions were available to describe the real growth status of test crops root systems.