A robust and validated LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of ramucirumab in rat and human serum using direct enzymatic digestion without immunoassay.

A new liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established to quantify the anti-gastric cancer fully human monoclonal antibody (ramucirumab) in rat and human serum. The surrogate peptide (GPSVLPLAPSSK) for ramucirumab was generated by trypsin hydrolysis and quantified using the isotopically labeled peptide GPSVLPLAPSSK[C, N]ST containing two more amino acids at the carboxyl end as an internal standard to correct for variations introduced during the enzymatic hydrolysis process and any mass spectrometry changes. Additionally, the oxidation and deamidation of unstable peptides (VVSVLTVLHQDWLNGK and NSLYLQMNSLR) were detected.

Development and validation of a LC-MS/MS method for quantitation of recombinant human growth hormone in rat plasma and application to a pharmacokinetic study.

Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is a peptide comprising 191 amino acids, that is mainly used to promote the growth of children and plays an important antiaging role. In the present study, a simple and sensitive quantitation method for rhGH in rat plasma was established by LCMS/MS. After simple and rapid enzymatic digestion of the plasma sample, two suitable surrogate peptides (LFDNAMLR and FPTIPLSR) were selected for quantitative analysis.

Predicting the distribution of plant associations under climate change: A case study on in China.

Association is the basic unit of plant community classification. Exploring the distribution of plant associations can help improve our understanding of biodiversity conservation. Different associations depend on different habitats and studying the association level is important for ecological restoration, regional ecological protection, regulating the ecological balance, and maintaining biodiversity.

Pharmacokinetics, mass balance, and metabolism of [C]TPN171, a novel PDE5 inhibitor, in humans for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

TPN171 is a novel phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and erectile dysfunction (ED), which currently is undergoing phase II clinical trials in China. In this single-center, single-dose, nonrandomized, and open design study, radiolabeled [C]TPN171 was used to investigate the metabolic mechanism, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and clearance pathways of TPN171 in 6 healthy Chinese male volunteers. Each volunteer was administered a single oral suspension of 10 mg (100 μCi) of [C]TPN171.

Inhibitory effect of tanshinone IIA, resveratrol and silibinin on enterovirus 68 production through inhibiting ATM and DNA-PK pathway.

Background: Human enterovirus 68 (EV68) is a primary etiological agent for respiratory illnesses, while no effective drug has yet used in clinics largely because the pathogenesis of EV68 is not clear. DNA damage response (DDR) responds to cellular DNA breaks and is also involved in viral replication. Three DDR pathways includes ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ATM and Rad3-related (ATR), and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK).

Biliary microbiota and mucin 4 impact the calcification of cholesterol gallstones.

Background: Cholesterol gallstones account for over 80% of gallstones, and the pathogenesis of gallstone formation involves genetic and environmental factors. However, data on the evolution of cholesterol gallstones with various densities are limited. This study aimed to determine the roles of microbiota and mucins on the formation of calcified cholesterol gallstones in patients with cholelithiasis.

Effectiveness of mesalazine to treat irritable bowel syndrome: A meta-analysis.

Aim: Accumulating evidence has explored the effect of mesalazine on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, these studies remain inconsistent. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the role of mesalazine on IBS.

[Soil bacterial community structure and predicted functions in the larch forest during succession at the Greater Khingan Mountains of Northeast China].

To reveal soil bacterial community structure and potential functions in larch forest during succession at Greater Khingan Mountains (Hanma National Nature Reserve), 16S rDNA was sequencing by Illumina Miseq. The results showed that the Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes and Chloroflexi were the most dominant phyla in soils of larch forests at various successional stages. Along forest succession, Acidobacteria increased, while Chloroflexi decreased.

Wedelolactone inhibits osteoclastogenesis but enhances osteoblastogenesis through altering different semaphorins production.

Our previous study showed that wedelolactone, isolated from Ecliptae herba, enhanced osteoblastogenesis but inhibited osteoclastogenesis through Sema3A signaling pathway. This study aims to investigate the role of other semaphorins in wedelolactone-enhanced osteoblastogenesis and -inhibited osteoclastogenesis. Wedelolactone inhibited RANKL-induced Sema4D and Sema7A production, but had no effect on RANKL-reduced Sema6D expression in osteoclastic RAW264.

A spontaneous hematoma arising within an intrapancreatic accessory spleen: A case report and literature review.

Rational: Hematoma arising within an intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS) is an extremely rare pathological entity.

Patient Concern: We present the case of a 39-year-old man with acute abdominal pain.

Diagnoses: The patient was initially diagnosed as pancreatic cystic neoplasm according to CT and MRI imaging.

Human Enterovirus 68 Interferes with the Host Cell Cycle to Facilitate Viral Production.

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is an emerging pathogen that recently caused a large outbreak of severe respiratory disease in the United States and other countries. Little is known about the relationship between EV-D68 virus and host cells. In this study, we assessed the effect of the host cell cycle on EV-D68 viral production, as well as the ability of EV-D68 to manipulate host cell cycle progression.

Rheum emodin inhibits enterovirus 71 viral replication and affects the host cell cycle environment.

Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the primary causative agent of recent large-scale outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Asia. Currently, there are no drugs available for the prevention and treatment of HFMD. In this study, we compared the anti-EV71 activities of three natural compounds, rheum emodin, artemisinin and astragaloside extracted from Chinese herbs Chinese rhubarb, Artemisia carvifolia and Astragalus, respectively, which have been traditionally used for the treatment and prevention of epidemic diseases.

Effect of Renshen Pingfei Decoction, a traditional Chinese prescription, on IPF induced by Bleomycin in rats and regulation of TGF-β1/Smad3.

Aim Of The Study: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), one of the clinical common diseases, shares similar pathogenesis with ancient disease "Feibi" in Chinese medicine, Renshen pingfei decoction (RPFS), a classical prescription, was commonly used in treating Feibi. In the current study, the protective role of RPFS in rats model of IPF and the mechanism via regulation of TGF-β1/Smad3, were evaluated and explored.

Methods: The chemicals of RPFS were analyzed by UPLC-QTOF-MS.

[On the Commonness of San'ao Decoction and Its Analogous Formulas in Facilitating Fei].

San'ao Decoction (SD) and its analogous formulas derived in the following generations are common used prescriptions for treating pulmonary diseases with principal symptoms such as cough and asthma. They are usually compatible with Chinese herbs for facilitating Fei, dispelling wind, resolving phlegm and fluid retention. Material bases in these formulas are mainly derived from Chinese drugs, but dissolution contents of active components are changed and new components are produced after compatibility.

[Effects of stable isotope labeled internal standard on determination of ivabradine and N-demethylivabradine in human plasma].

This study aims to develop a liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of ivabradine and N-demethylivabradine in human plasma, and investigate effects of stable isotope labeled (SIL) internal standard (IS) on ivabradine. The analytes and IS were extracted from plasma by protein precipitation with acetonitrile, and chromatographied on a Capcell PAK C18 (100 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using a mobile phase of methanol and 5 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate.

CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ T cells, Foxp3 gene and protein expression contribute to antiasthmatic effects of San'ao decoction in mice model of asthma.

Objective: San'ao decoction (SAD) is a commonly used traditional combinatorial formula composed of Herba Ephedrae, Radix Glycyrrhizae and Amygdalus Communis Vas. Early studies showed that in the OVA sensitization asthmatic mice model its compatibility could lower airway reactivity and airway inflammatory cell infiltration. Based on the above results, this study mainly discussed San'ao decoction's immunomodulatory effects on Tregs.

Dracorhodin perchlorate induced human breast cancer MCF-7 apoptosis through mitochondrial pathways.

Objective: Dracorhodin perchlorate (DP) was a synthetic analogue of the antimicrobial anthocyanin red pigment dracorhodin. It was reported that DP could induce apoptosis in human prostate cancer, human gastric tumor cells and human melanoma, but the cytotoxic effect of DP on human breast cancer was not investigated. This study would investigate whether DP was a candidate chemical of anti-human breast cancer.

Isolation and characterization of 20 polymorphic microsatellite markers for Juglans mandshurica (Juglandaceae).

Premise Of The Study: Fifty microsatellite loci were developed for the endangered species Juglans mandshurica to investigate its genetic diversity and population structure. •

Methods And Results: In all, 50 microsatellite markers were isolated from J. mandshurica, using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences COntaining repeats (FIASCO) protocol.

Pseudolaric acid B induced cell cycle arrest, autophagy and senescence in murine fibrosarcoma l929 cell.

Objective: PAB induced various cancer cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and senescence. But in cell line murine fibrosarcoma L929, PAB did not induce apoptosis, but autophagy, therefore it was thought by us as a good model to research the relationship of cell cycle arrest, autophagy and senescence bypass apoptosis.

Methods: Inhibitory ratio was assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) analysis.

Development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in Phellodendron amurense (Rutaceae).

Premise Of The Study: Microsatellite markers were developed for the rare species Phellodendron amurense to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of this plant. •

Methods And Results: In total, 27 microsatellite markers were developed for P. amurense by using an enriched genomic library and hybridization; all of these primers successfully amplified DNA fragments in P.

Isolation and characterization of 13 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers for Pinus koraiensis (Pinaceae).

Premise Of The Study: Thirteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of Pinus koraiensis. •

Methods And Results: Using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences COntaining repeats (FIASCO) method with three specific PCR primers for screening the positive clones, 13 loci were found to be polymorphic in 78 individuals of P. koraiensis.

Effect of San'ao Decoction on the airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide-enhanced asthma.

Objective: San'ao Decoction (, SAD), as a representative Chinese medicine (CM) formula, was chosen to evaluate the effect of airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enhanced asthma model.

Methods: The asthma model was reproduced in the Balb/C mice sensitized by ovalbumin (OVA), challenged by OVA and LPS. After Balb/C mice's administration of a dose (0.

Responses in the morphology, physiology and biochemistry of Taxus chinensis var. mairei grown under supplementary UV-B radiation.

The effects of supplemental UV-B radiation on Taxus chinensis var. mairei were studied. Leaf traits, gas exchange parameters and the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, cellular defense system products, secondary metabolites and ultrastructure were determined.

[Study on interaction mechanism between meso-tetra-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-Zn porphyrin and bovine serum albumin by fluorescence method].

In the present paper, the binding reaction between meso-tetra-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-Zn porphyrin (TPP-Zn) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied at different temperatures by fluorescence method. It was shown that meso-tetra-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-Zn porphyrin has a strong ability of quenching the fluorescence of bovine serum albumin. Based on the mechanisms of fluorescence quenching of bovine serum albumin caused by meso-tetra-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-Zn porphyrin, the binding constants between meso-tetra-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-Zn porphyrin and bovine serum albumin were measured under different temperatures.

[Effects of San'ao decoction and its analogous prescriptions on airway inflammation in mice with respiratory syncytial virus- and ovalbumin-induced asthma].

Objective: To evaluate the effects of San'ao decoction (SAD) and its analogous prescriptions (APs), compounds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for asthma, on airway inflammation in mice with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)- and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma.

Methods: A total of 110 mice were randomly divided into control group, untreated group, dexamethasone (DM) group, small-dose SAD (SAD-S) group, large-dose SAD (SAD-L) group, AP I-S group, AP I-L group, AP II-S group, AP II-L group, AP III-S group, and AP III-L group. The asthma model was reproduced by sensitization with multipoint intraperitoneal injection of OVA, followed by repeated inhalation of OVA combined with intranasal instillation of RSV.