Diurnal variations in solar ultraviolet radiation at typical anatomical sites.

Objective: Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an important environmental factor that affects human health. The understanding of diurnal variations of UV radiation at anatomical sites may be helpful in developing ways to protect humans from the harmful effects of UV radiation.

Methods: In order to characterize the diurnal variations, the UV exposure values were measured at 30 min intervals by using Solar-UV Sensors and a rotating manikin in Shenyang city of China (41 degrees 51'N, 123 degrees 27'E).

Effects of UVA on TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-10 expression levels in human keratinocytes and intervention studies with an antioxidant and a JNK inhibitor.

Objective: To understand the expressions and transduction pathways of cytokines in ultraviolet (UV)A-irradiated keratinocytes.

Methods: We cultured human keratinocytes of the HaCaT cell line and investigated both mRNA and protein expressions of cytokines in cells that were not irradiated or were exposed to 2.4 J/cm(2) UVA, with or without an antioxidant (beta-carotene) or a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor (SP600125).

[Study of binocular function in early stage after implantation of multifocal intraocular lens].

Objective: To evaluate binocular function in the early stage after implantation of multifocal intraocular lens.

Methods: Three weeks postoperatively, simultaneous perception, fusion, near and far-distance stereoacuity, visual acuity and visual symptoms were observed in 31 cases (46 eyes) with multifocal intraocular lens implantation (MIOL) [MIOL group, in which 16 cases with unilateral implantation (Ms) and 15 cases with bilateral implantation (Md)] and 32 cases (47 eyes) with single-focal intraocular lens implantation (SIOL) [SIOL group, in which 17 cases with unilateral implantation (Ss) and 15 cases with bilateral implantation (Sd)].

Results: All patients obtained simultaneous perception and fusion sense, there was no significantly statistical difference between these two group (P > 0.

[Hypertonic saline-assisted laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy for the correction of moderate and low myopia].

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of hypertonic saline (5% sodium chloride) in execution of epithelial flap in laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (HS-LASEK) for treatment of moderate and low myopia.

Methods: 48 patients (96 eyes) with moderate and low myopia were divided into 2 groups. In Group A (A-LASEK, 22 patients 44 eyes), 20% alcohol was used to create the epithelial flap; in Group B (HS-LASEK, 26 patients 52 eyes), 5% sodium chloride was used to create the epithelial flap.

[LASEK for the correction of residual myopia and astigmatism after LASIK].

Objective: To determine the visual and refractive outcome of LASEK for the correction of residual myopia and astigmatism after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Methods: In this prospective study of noncomparative case series, LASEK was performed with minimum of 6 months in 66 eyes (34 patients) that developed myopic regression after LASIK. Mean follow-up was 13.

[Effects of flashing light on ocular growth and development of myopia in pigmented guinea pigs].

Objective: To investigate the effects of flashing light exposure on ocular growth and development of myopia in guinea pigs.

Methods: Thirty 4-week-old pigmented guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups. Animals in group I were reared with the flashing light continuously and lasted for 6 weeks.

[Effect of time limited form deprivation on the development of myopia in guinea pigs].

Objective: To investigate the effect of time limited form deprivation on the development of form-deprived-myopia (FDM) in guinea pigs.

Methods: Four-week-old guinea pigs (n = 20) were randomly divided into four groups. Group I was used as normal control without any treatment.

[The recovery of binocular vision in the early post-operative stage of senile cataract patient].

Objective: To study the recovery of binocular vision and the risk factors that affect the recovery in the early post-operative stage of senile cataract patients.

Methods: Patients undergone extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation (ECCE group) or cataract phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation (PHACO group) were examined for their corrected visual acuity, refractive power, simultaneous perception, fusion, near and far-distance stereoacuity.

Results: Before operation, the visual acuity was worse in the ECCE group than that in the PHACO group (chi(2) = 9.

[Comparison of corneal wound healing of photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis in rabbits].

Objective: To compare effects of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on the cornea and corneal wound healing and to investigate the possible mechanism of corneal haze and myopic regression histopathologically.

Methods: Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were allocated randomly to correct -4.00 and -8.