[Properties of maize stalk biochar produced under different pyrolysis temperatures and its sorption capability to naphthalene].

Biochar was made from maize stalk under three different temperatures of 300, 500 and 700 degreeC. The elemental composition of biochar was measured by elemental analyzer. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to measure the surface morphology.

[Absorption of Hg in typical farmland soils in the Linglong gold mining area].

This study focused on the adsorption properties of Hg in 2 typical farmland soils in the Linglong gold mining area in Yantai area of China. The adsorption-desorption of Hg(II) research result showed higher adsorption of Hg in neutral soil with the value of 201.38 microg/g than that in acid soil with the value of 156.

Effects of raw materials and bulking agents on the thermophilic composting process.

Three typical biological solid wastes, animal manure, garbage, and sewage sludge, were compared with regard for the composting process and the changes in microbial community structure. The effect of different bulking agents such as rice straw, vermiculite, sawdust, and waste paper were compared in manure compost. The differences in the microbial community were characterized by the quinone profile method.

Effect of temperature on reaction rate and microbial community in composting of cattle manure with rice straw.

The effects of temperature on microbial communities and mass reduction in composting were studied by comparing the mesophilic process with the thermophilic process of cattle manure-rice straw composting for 21 d. The respiratory quinone content (indicator of microbial biomass) continuously increased in the mesophilic process, but in the thermophilic process, it was much higher after 3 d and then decreased to the same level as that in the mesophilic process after 21 d. The diversity of quinones increased continuously in both the mesophilic and thermophilic processes with a higher value in the thermophilic process.

[Physico-chemical and microbial properties in thermophilic composting processes of different biological solid wastes].

Characterization on the physico-chemical and microbial properties were carried out in thermophilic composting processes of 3 different biological solid wastes: manure, garbage and sludge. pH increased to above 8 and C/N ratio decreased during the process. The effect of different bulking agents on the composting process is smaller compared to different raw materials.

Degradation of the seaweed wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) by a composting process with the inoculation of Bacillus sp. HR6.

Disposal of the seaweed wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) by inoculating the halotolerant bacterium Bacillus sp. HR6 was examined in an experimental scale composting system. Strain HR6 was effective in initiating the composting process of wakame, and there was a rapid increase in temperature to over 54.