Robust digital watermarking for color images in combined DFT and DT-CWT domains.

Image watermarking focuses on hiding secret data into the cover image imperceptibly to protect the copyright of the original image. In this paper, we propose a new framework of robust digital watermarking for color images using combined embedding techniques of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT). The cover image is first divided into Y, U and V channels.

Autophagy inhibition promotes gambogic acid-induced suppression of growth and apoptosis in glioblastoma cells.

Objective: To investigate the effects of gambogic acid (GA) on the growth of human malignant glioma cells.

Methods: U251MG and U87MG human glioma cell lines were treated with GA and growth and proliferation were investigated by MTT and colony formation assays. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by annexin V FITC/PI flow cytometry, mitochondrial membrane potential assays and DAPI nuclear staining.