Sulforaphane suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in glioma via the ACTL6A/PGK1 axis.

This study aimed to examine the expression and biological functions of ACTL6A in glioma cells (U251), the effects of sulforaphane on the growth of U251 cells and the involvement of the ACTL6A/PGK1 pathway in those effects. The U251 cell line was transfected with ACTL6A over-expression plasmids to upregulate the protein, or with ACTL6A inhibitor to underexpress it, then treated with different concentrations of sulforaphane. Cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were assessed using standard assays, and levels of mRNAs encoding ACTL6A, PGK1, cyclin D1, Myc, Bax or Bcl-2 were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Thermosensitive AB4 four-armed star PNIPAM-b-HTPB multiblock copolymer micelles for camptothecin drug release.

Thermo-sensitive poly(N-isoproplacrylamide)m-block-hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene-block-poly(N-isoproplacrylamide)m (PNIPAMm-b-HTPB-b-PNIPAMm, m = 1 or 2) block copolymers, AB4 four-armed star multiblock and linear triblock copolymers, were synthesized by ATRP with HTPB as central blocks, and characterization was performed by (1)H NMR, Fourier transform infrared, and size exclusion chromatography. The multiblock copolymers could spontaneously assemble into more regular spherical core-shell nanoscale micelles than the linear triblock copolymer. The physicochemical properties were detected by a surface tension, nanoparticle analyzer, transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering, and UV-vis measurements.